383fbe7532
Text: - Rewrite, add missing words, etc. - Remove the begin and end verse block lines, but kept the verse block text, because Github doesn's show text in .org verse blocks. - Change _after_ to *after*, because Github doesn't show underscores in .org files. - Add the Colemak, Dvorak and Workman layouts vim movement key bindings, and the key bindings for the lost (overwritten) keys. - Fix the image link to the workman layout image, it was missing the square brackets. - Link replaced: The workmanlayout.com domain name seems to have been lost. Google Chrome warns "Your connection is not private", and the advanced information states that the security certificate is from a "just host" domain. The most stable replacement link seems to be the workman section on the keyboard layout wikipedia page. - Indicate the images that have been modified, as suggested by the CC BY-SA Attribution section. Images: - Add the dvorak simplified layout. - Fix the programmer dvorak layout, the transparent key faces made it almost invisible when viewed in Spacemacs with a dark background. - Rename images for type, consistency, and most common usage: use logo instead of layout for logo names, and use layout for all layout images, instead of keymap for some and layout for others. Layout is the most common name, wikipedia even redirects keymap to the keyboard layout page. - Reduce their width to 640px, so that they fit within column 80.
276 lines
9.4 KiB
Org Mode
276 lines
9.4 KiB
Org Mode
#+TITLE: keyboard-layout layer
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[[file:img/keyboard-layout-layer-logo.png]]
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* Table of Contents :TOC_4_gh:noexport:
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- [[#description][Description]]
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- [[#installation][Installation]]
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- [[#configuration][Configuration]]
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- [[#enabledisable-package-configurations][Enable/Disable package configurations]]
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- [[#addoverride-key-bindings][Add/Override key bindings]]
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- [[#concept][Concept]]
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- [[#keyboard-layouts][Keyboard layouts]]
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- [[#bepo][Bepo]]
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- [[#dvorak][Dvorak]]
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- [[#colemak][Colemak]]
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- [[#workman][Workman]]
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- [[#package-configurations][Package Configurations]]
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- [[#key-bindings][Key bindings]]
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- [[#image-sources][Image sources]]
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* Description
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This layer configures some key bindings in Spacemacs, to make it compatible with
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keyboard layouts that differs from the traditional =en-us= =QWERTY= layout.
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* Installation
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To use this configuration layer, add it to your =~/.spacemacs=. You will need to
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add =keyboard-layout= to the existing =dotspacemacs-configuration-layers= list
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in this file. You can then select the desired layout by specifying the
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=kl-layout= variable:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers '(
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(keyboard-layout :variables kl-layout 'dvorak)))
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#+end_src
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* Configuration
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** Enable/Disable package configurations
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This layer can be customized with two variables:
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- kl-enabled-configurations
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- kl-disabled-configurations
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The first one is used to set the list of configurations to activate, and the
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second one to prevent loading certain configurations. If the
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=kl-enabled-configurations= variable is =nil=, (default: =nil=), then all
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configurations are loaded. Otherwise, only the listed configurations are loaded.
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Any configuration listed in =kl-disabled-configurations= will never be loaded,
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whether it is in the enabled list or not (default: =nil=).
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers '(
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(keyboard-layout :variables
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kl-layout 'dvorak
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kl-disabled-configurations '(org magit))))
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#+end_src
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** Add/Override key bindings
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It is possible to override or add key bindings, by defining functions named
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=kl/pre-config-<NAME>= and =kl/post-config-<NAME>= in =dotspacemacs/user-init=.
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They are called just before and after the actual configuration of the key
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bindings in this layer. *You don't have to think about when to apply the
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configuration by yourself*. =<NAME>= is the name of the configuration you want
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to customize, they are listed under the [[#configuration][Configuration]] section.
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Example:
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#+begin_src emacs-lisp
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(defun kl/post-config-company ()
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"Company delete backward."
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(kl/set-in-state company-active-map (kbd "C-w") 'evil-delete-backward-word))
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#+end_src
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Note: If you define some of these functions in your own layer, then make sure
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that the =keyboard-layout= layer is placed *after* it in the
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=dotspacemacs-configuration-layers= list.
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* Concept
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This package first switches the traditional ~hjkl~ movement keys, with their
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equivalent keys in the destination layout. It then tries to correct the bugs,
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that were introduced by these changes in other parts of Spacemacs. This layer
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only tries to make these changes when the letters are used for *movements*.
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The equivalent remapping is also made for uppercase letters, ~CTRL+KEY~,
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~META+KEY~ and leader key bindings such as (~SPC …~), whenever it makes sense.
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In some cases the remapped keys won't follow these conventions, mainly because
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there are better alternatives, or because some movements don't make sense.
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For example: In the =magit= status buffer, the ~c~ key is bound to =commit= by
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default. If we want to follow the conventions, then it should be remapped to
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"move left" in the bepo layout, but since operations in =magit= are done line by
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line, then there's no reason to move left, and we won't remap the ~c~ key.
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* Keyboard layouts
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The following keyboard-layouts are available with this layer:
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** Bepo
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[[file:img/bepo-logo.png]]
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=bepo= is a keyboard layout, that's optimized for the French language.
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[[file:img/bepo-layout.png]]
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The mapping correction is the one proposed for vim on the official bepo [[http://bepo.fr/wiki/Vim#Principe][wiki]].
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- The =bepo= layout: matches Vims movements keys:
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- ~c → h~
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- ~t → j~
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- ~s → k~
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- ~r → l~
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- The lost keys are remapped as follows:
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- ~h → r~
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- ~j → t~
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- ~k → s~
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- ~l → c~
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Some bepo keys are not used in the traditional mapping, mainly because they are
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not on the =en-us= keyboard layout. They are used as aliases for other
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shortcuts:
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- Map the unused ~é~ key as an alias for ~w~, it's more useful in vim mode:
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- ~é → w~
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- ~É → W~
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- Map indentation to direct-access keys:
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- ~» → >~
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- ~« → <~
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Some default configurations are also not optimal for vim, so the following
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defaults are changed:
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- Change the =evil-escape= combination to something that's faster to type, while
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being nearly nonexistent in French or English words:
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- ~fd → gq~
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- In =avy=, the keys that select words/lines are remapped to the 8 characters
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under the home row fingers:
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- ~a u i e t s r n~
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Note: There's one difference from the wiki version: ~w~ is *not* remapped to
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~C-w~. This avoids having to change its meaning in other modes. Spacemacs
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already provides ~SPC w~ for working with windows.
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** Dvorak
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=dvorak= is a keyboard layout, that's optimized for the English language. It
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rearranges the keys, to require less finger movements away from the home row.
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The most common Dvorak layout is called Dvorak Simplified Keyboard (referred to
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as just Dvorak keyboard or Dvorak layout). It comes pre-installed on most
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operating systems.
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=Dvorak Simplified Keyboard (US layout)=
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[[file:img/dvorak-simplified-layout.png]]
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=Programmer Dvorak=
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[[file:img/programmer-dvorak-layout.png]]
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There's also a sub-layout called [[Https://www.kaufmann.no/roland/dvorak/][Programmer Dvorak]]. It reorders the number and
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symbol keys, to make it easier to type common programming symbols, without
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having to hold down the shift key. The keys that differ from the =Dvorak
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Simplified Keyboard= are shown in blue.
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This Spacemacs Keyboard Layout layer has two Dvorak movement key variants:
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The =dvp= variant: matches Vims movement keys:
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- ~d → h~
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- ~h → j~
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- ~t → k~
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- ~n → l~
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The lost keys are remapped as follows:
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- ~j → d~
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- ~k → t~
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- ~l → n~
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The =dvorak= variant: uses the home row, which is shifted 1 key to the right of
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Vims movement keys.
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- ~h~ doesn't need to be remapped, it's already under the index finger.
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- ~t → j~
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- ~n → k~
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- ~s → l~
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The lost keys are remapped as follows:
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- ~j → t~
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- ~k → n~
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- ~l → s~
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** Colemak
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=colemak= is a modern alternative to the QWERTY and =dvorak= layouts. It is
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designed for efficient and ergonomic touch typing in English. More info can be
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found on the [[https://colemak.com/][Colemak website]].
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[[file:img/colemak-layout.png]]
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- The =colemak= layout: matches Vims movement keys:
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- ~h~ doesn't need to be remapped, it's to the left of the index finger.
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- ~n → j~
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- ~e → k~
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- ~i → l~
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- The lost keys are remapped as follows:
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- ~j → n~
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- ~k → e~
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- ~l → i~
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** Workman
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=Workman= is an English-optimized keyboard layout that's designed to, among
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other things, reduce finger travel-distance, and balance the load equally
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between hands. It is meant to function particularly well in conjunction with
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ortholinear ('matrix' or 'grid') keyboards, such as the one depicted in the
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diagram below. More information can be found in the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout#Workman][Workman section]], of the
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wikipedia keyboard layout page.
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[[file:img/workman-layout.png]]
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As recommended in this blog post: [[Https://axiomatic.neophilus.net/posts/2013-08-13-workman-layout-for-vim.html][Workman layout for Vim]], this layout
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substitutes the following keys with these mnemonics:
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- (y)ank -> (h)aul
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- Search (n)ext -> (j)ump
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- (e)nd word -> brea(k) of word
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- (o)pen new line -> (l)ine
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- The lost keys are remapped as follows:
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- ~h → y~
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- ~j → n~
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- ~k → e~
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- ~l → o~
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* Package Configurations
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The available configurations are:
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- ace-window
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- avy
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- comint
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- company
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- elfeed
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- evil
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- evil-escape
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- evil-evilified-state
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- evil-surround
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- eyebrowse
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- flycheck
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- helm
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- imenu-list
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- ivy
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- magit
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- mu4e
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- neotree
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- org
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- org-agenda
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- ranger
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- twittering-mode
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* Key bindings
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This layer tries to bind keys /automatically/ in a lot of modes. That makes it
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difficult to list them all. For example the key bindings change if:
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- You chose to use a different keyboard layout.
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- You chose to be on the dark side by using evil (because they have :cookie: obviously).
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- You chose to use a layer, written with :heart:, that try to solve the induced mess.
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So the price you have to pay is the absence of a key bindings list.
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* Image sources
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- The keyboard-layout layer logo is a modified image from [[https://openclipart.org/detail/202777/keyboard-layout][openclipart.org]], and
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is under the public domain.
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- The Bepo logo and layout images, are from the official [[http://bepo.fr/][bepo]] website. (the
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layout image has been modified).
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- The Dvorak Simplified layout image is a modified image from [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_United_States_Dvorak.svg][Wikipedia]].
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- The Programmer Dvorak layout image is a modified version of the Dvorak
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Simplified layout image.
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- The Colemak layout image is a modified version from [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:KB_US-Colemak.svg][Wikipedia]].
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They are all licensed under the [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en][CC-BY-SA]].
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