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* Spacemacs conventions
** Table of Contents :TOC@4:
- [[#spacemacs-conventions][Spacemacs conventions]]
- [[#code-guidelines][Code guidelines]]
- [[#spacemacs-core-and-layer][Spacemacs core and layer]]
- [[#all-layers][All layers]]
- [[#key-bindings-conventions][Key bindings conventions]]
- [[#reserved-prefix][Reserved prefix]]
- [[#user-prefix][User prefix]]
- [[#major-mode-prefix][Major mode prefix]]
- [[#micro-state][Micro-state]]
- [[#evilified-buffers][Evilified buffers]]
- [[#navigation][Navigation]]
- [[#n-and-n][n and N]]
- [[#code-navigation][Code Navigation]]
- [[#insert-state-buffers][=insert state= buffers]]
- [[#evaluation][Evaluation]]
- [[#repls][REPLs]]
- [[#send-code][Send code]]
- [[#in-terminal][In terminal]]
- [[#building-and-compilation][Building and Compilation]]
- [[#debugging][Debugging]]
- [[#plain-text-markup-languages][Plain Text Markup Languages]]
- [[#headers][Headers]]
- [[#insertion-of-common-elements][Insertion of common elements]]
- [[#text-manipulation][Text manipulation]]
- [[#movement-in-normal-mode][Movement in normal mode]]
- [[#promotion-demotion-and-element-movement][Promotion, Demotion and element movement]]
- [[#table-editing][Table editing]]
- [[#tests][Tests]]
- [[#all-languages][All languages]]
- [[#language-specific][Language specific]]
- [[#toggles][Toggles]]
- [[#refactoring][Refactoring]]
- [[#help-or-documentation][Help or Documentation]]
- [[#writing-documentation][Writing documentation]]
- [[#spacing-in-documentation][Spacing in documentation]]
** Code guidelines
*** Spacemacs core and layer
Function names follow these conventions:
- =spacemacs/xxx= is an interactive function called =xxx=
- =spacemacs//xxx= is a private function called =xxx= (implementation details)
- =spacemacs|xxx= is a /macro/ called =xxx=
Variables follow these conventions:
- =spacemacs-xxx= is a variable
- =spacemacs--xxx= is a private variable (implementation details)
*** All layers
A package is initialized in a function with name =<layer>/init-xxx= where:
- =<layer>= is the layer name
- =xxx= is the package name
** Key bindings conventions
*** Reserved prefix
**** User prefix
~SPC o~ and ~SPC m o~ must not be used by any layer. They are reserved for the
user.
**** Major mode prefix
~SPC m~ is reserved for the current major mode. Three keys bindings are not an
issue (ie. ~SPC m h d~) since ~SPC m~ can be accessed via ~,~.
**** Micro-state
Whenever possible a micro-state should be enabled with ~M-SPC~ and ~s-M-SPC~. We
need the latter bindings on OS X since ~M-SPC~ is used by the OS for spotlight.
For instance micro-states dedicated to special buffers like =helm= or =ido=
buffers are good candidates to be put on ~M-SPC~ and ~s-M-SPC~.
It is recommended to add ~q~ to leave the micro-state.
*** Evilified buffers
/Evilifying/ a buffer is to set the =evilified state= as the default
state for the major mode of the buffer.
The =evilified state= is derived from the =emacs state= and modify the
map to:
- add ~hjkl~ navigation
- add scrolling feature on ~C-f~, ~C-b~, ~C-d~ and ~C-u~
- ~G~ and ~gg~ to go to the end and beginning of the buffer
- add incremental search with ~/~, ~n~ and ~N~
- enabling =evil-ex= on ~:~
- add =visual state= and =visual line state= on ~v~ and ~V~
- add yank on ~y~ _in visual state only_
- activate evil-leader key on ~SPC~
Setting the =evilified state= to a mode is done by calling the macro
=spacemacs|evilify-map=.
/Evilification/ rebinds shadowed key bindings according to the following
rules:
- alphabetic key bindings: ~x~ -> ~X~ -> ~C-x~ -> ~C-X~
- ~SPC~ -> ~'~
- ~/~ -> ~\~
- ~:~ -> ~|~
- ~C-g~ cannot be shadowed
If a key binding cannot be remapped then it is ignored and a warning message
is displayed in =*Messages*=.
*** Navigation
**** n and N
To be consistent with the Vim way, ~n~ and ~N~ are favored over Emacs ~n~ and
~p~.
Ideally a micro-state should be provided to smooth the navigation
experience. A micro-state allows to repeat key bindings without entering
each time the prefix commands. More info on micro-states in the
[[DOCUMENTATION.org#micro-states][documentation]].
**** Code Navigation
The prefix for going to something is ~SPC m g~.
| Key | Description |
|---------+-------------------------------------------------|
| ~m g a~ | go to alternate file (i.e. =.h <--> .cpp=) |
| ~m g b~ | go back to previous location (before last jump) |
| ~m g g~ | go to things under point |
| ~m g G~ | go to things under point in other window |
| ~m g t~ | go to corresponding test file if any |
**** =insert state= buffers
Navigation in buffers like =Helm= and =ido= which are in =insert state=
should be performed with ~C-j~ and ~C-k~ bindings for vertical movements.
| Key | Description |
|-------+-------------|
| ~C-j~ | go down |
| ~C-k~ | go up |
*** Evaluation
Live evaluation of code is under the prefix ~SPC m e~.
| Key | Description |
|---------+---------------------------------------------------|
| ~m e $~ | put the point at the end of the line and evaluate |
| ~m e b~ | evaluate buffer |
| ~m e e~ | evaluate last expression |
| ~m e f~ | evaluate function |
| ~m e l~ | evaluate line |
| ~m e r~ | evaluate region |
*** REPLs
**** Send code
A lot of languages can interact with a REPL. To help keeping a
consistent behavior between those languages the following conventions
should be followed:
- ~SPC m s~ is the prefix for sending code. This allows fast interaction with
the REPL whenever it is possible
- lower case key bindings keep the focus on the current buffer
- upper case key bindings move the focus to the REPL buffer
| Key | Description |
|---------+--------------------------------------------------------------|
| ~m s b~ | send buffer |
| ~m s B~ | send buffer and switch to REPL |
| ~m s d~ | first key to send buffer and switch to REPL to debug (step) |
| ~m s D~ | second key to send buffer and switch to REPL to debug (step) |
| ~m s f~ | send function |
| ~m s F~ | send function and switch to REPL |
| ~m s i~ | start/switch to REPL inferior process |
| ~m s l~ | send line |
| ~m s L~ | send line and switch to REPL |
| ~m s r~ | send region |
| ~m s R~ | send region and switch to REPL |
Note: we don't distinguish between the file and the buffer.
**** In terminal
History navigation in shells or REPLs buffers should be bound as well to
~C-j~ and ~C-k~.
| Key | Description |
|-------+----------------------------|
| ~C-j~ | next item in history |
| ~C-k~ | previous item in history |
| ~C-l~ | clear screen |
| ~C-r~ | search backward in history |
*** Building and Compilation
The base prefix for major mode specific compilation is ~SPC m c~.
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+-------------------|
| ~m c b~ | compile buffer |
| ~m c c~ | compile |
| ~m c r~ | clean and compile |
Note: we don't distinguish between the file and the buffer. We can
implement an auto-save of the buffer before compiling the buffer.
*** Debugging
The base prefix for debugging commands is ~SPC d~.
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+-------------------------|
| ~m d a~ | abandon current process |
| ~m d b~ | toggle a breakpoint |
| ~m d B~ | clear all breakpoints |
| ~m d c~ | continue |
| ~m d d~ | start debug session |
| ~m d i~ | inspect value at point |
| ~m d l~ | local variables |
| ~m d n~ | next |
| ~m d r~ | run |
| ~m d s~ | step |
Notes:
- Ideally a micro-state for breakpoint navigation should be provided.
- If there is no toggle breakpoint function, then it should be implemented at
the spacemacs level and ideally the function should be proposed as a patch
upstream (major mode repository).
*** Plain Text Markup Languages
For layers supporting markup languages please follow the following
keybindings whenever applicable.
**** Headers
All header functionality should be grouped under ~SPC m h~
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+--------------------------------------------------|
| ~m h i~ | Insert a header |
| ~m h I~ | Insert a header alternative method (if existing) |
| ~m h 1..10~ | Insert a header of level 1..10 (if possible) |
**** Insertion of common elements
Insertion of common elements like links or footnotes should be grouped
under ~SPC m i~
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+------------------|
| ~m i f~ | Insert footnote |
| ~m i i~ | Insert image |
| ~m i l~ | Insert link |
| ~m i u~ | Insert url |
| ~m i w~ | Insert wiki-link |
**** Text manipulation
Manipulation of text regions should be grouped under ~SPC m x~
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+-------------------------------|
| ~m x b~ | Make region bold |
| ~m x c~ | Make region code |
| ~m x i~ | Make region italic |
| ~m x q~ | Quote a region |
| ~m x r~ | Remove formatting from region |
| ~m x s~ | Make region strike-through |
| ~m x u~ | Make region underlined |
| ~m x v~ | Make region verbose |
**** Movement in normal mode
In normal mode Vim style movement should be enabled with these keybindings:
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+----------------------------------------|
| ~g h~ | Move up one level in headings |
| ~g j~ | Move to next heading on same level |
| ~g k~ | Move to previous heading on same level |
| ~g l~ | Move down one level in headings |
**** Promotion, Demotion and element movement
Promotion, demotion and movement of headings or list elements (whatever is
possible) should be enabled with the following keys in any mode
| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+------------------------------|
| ~M-h~ | Promote heading by one level |
| ~M-j~ | Move element down |
| ~M-k~ | Move element up |
| ~M-l~ | Demote heading by one level |
**** Table editing
If table specific commands are available the they are grouped under the
~SPC m t~ group.
*** Tests
A lot of languages have their own test frameworks. These frameworks
share common actions that we can unite under the same key bindings:
- ~SPC m t~ is the prefix for test execution.
- ~SPC m t X~ is used to execute ~SPC m t x~ but in debug mode (if supported).
**** All languages
| Key | Description |
|---------+--------------------------------------------------------------|
| ~m t a~ | execute all the tests of the current project |
| ~m t A~ | execute all the tests of the current project in debug |
| ~m t b~ | execute all the tests of the current buffer |
| ~m t B~ | execute all the tests of the current buffer in debug |
| ~m t t~ | execute the current test (thing at point, function) |
| ~m t T~ | execute the current test in debug (thing at point, function) |
Note: we don't distinguish between the file and the buffer. We can
implement an auto-save of the buffer before executing the tests of
buffer.
**** Language specific
| Key | Description |
|---------+--------------------------------------------------|
| ~m t m~ | execute the tests of the current module |
| ~m t M~ | execute the tests of the current module in debug |
| ~m t s~ | execute the tests of the current suite |
| ~m t S~ | execute the tests of the current suite in debug |
Note that there are overlaps, depending on the language we will choose
one or more bindings for the same thing
*** Toggles
- Global toggles are under ~SPC t~, ~SPC T~ and ~SPC C-t~
- Major mode toggles are only under ~SPC m T~
*** Refactoring
Refactoring prefix is ~SPC m r~.
*** Help or Documentation
The base prefix for help commands is ~SPC h~. Documentation is considered
as an help command.
| Key | Description |
|---------+------------------------------------|
| ~m h h~ | documentation of thing under point |
| ~m h r~ | documentation of selected region |
** Writing documentation
Spacemacs provides an example layer =README.org= file in
=~/.emacs.d/core/templates/layer-README.template=.
*** Spacing in documentation
Spacemacs tries to keep the documentation consistent between all layers by
providing some rules for spacing:
- After each header, you should not add an empty line
- *Exception*: If the first item under the header is a table, add an empty
line after it
- At the end of each header node, there should be an empty line
- Note: Many layer =READMEs= do not follow this convention yet. Please fix
them if you can.