2087 lines
82 KiB
Markdown
2087 lines
82 KiB
Markdown
# Spacemacs Documentation
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<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc/generate-toc again -->
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**Table of Contents**
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- [Spacemacs Documentation](#spacemacs-documentation)
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- [Philosophy](#philosophy)
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- [Easy](#easy)
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- [Consistency](#consistency)
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- [Crowd-Configured](#crowd-configured)
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- [Goals](#goals)
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- [Screenshots](#screenshots)
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- [Who can benefit from this ?](#who-can-benefit-from-this-)
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- [Configuration layers](#configuration-layers)
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- [Structure](#structure)
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- [Extensions and Packages](#extensions-and-packages)
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- [Declaration](#declaration)
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- [Initialization](#initialization)
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- [Exclusion](#exclusion)
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- [Packages synchronization (Vundle like feature)](#packages-synchronization-vundle-like-feature)
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- [Types of configuration layers](#types-of-configuration-layers)
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- [Submitting a configuration layer upstream](#submitting-a-configuration-layer-upstream)
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- [Example: Themes Megapack example](#example-themes-megapack-example)
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- [Managing private configuration layers](#managing-private-configuration-layers)
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- [Using the private directory](#using-the-private-directory)
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- [Using an external Git repository](#using-an-external-git-repository)
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- [Using a personal branch](#using-a-personal-branch)
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- [Dotfile Configuration](#dotfile-configuration)
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- [Installation](#installation)
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- [Content](#content)
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- [Using configuration layers](#using-configuration-layers)
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- [Excluding packages](#excluding-packages)
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- [Hooks](#hooks)
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- [Custom variables](#custom-variables)
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- [Using the package list buffer](#using-the-package-list-buffer)
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- [Update all the packages](#update-all-the-packages)
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- [Main principles](#main-principles)
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- [Evil](#evil)
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- [States](#states)
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- [Evil leader](#evil-leader)
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- [Universal argument](#universal-argument)
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- [Micro-states](#micro-states)
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- [Differences between Vim, Evil and Spacemacs](#differences-between-vim-evil-and-spacemacs)
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- [The vim-surround case](#the-vim-surround-case)
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- [Evil plugins](#evil-plugins)
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- [Color theme](#color-theme)
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- [UI elements](#ui-elements)
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- [Toggles](#toggles)
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- [Mode-line](#mode-line)
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- [Flycheck integration](#flycheck-integration)
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- [Anzu integration](#anzu-integration)
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- [Battery status integration](#battery-status-integration)
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- [Powerline separators](#powerline-separators)
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- [Minor Modes](#minor-modes)
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- [Font](#font)
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- [Commands](#commands)
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- [Reserved prefix command for user](#reserved-prefix-command-for-user)
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- [Escaping](#escaping)
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- [Executing Vim, Emacs and shell commands](#executing-vim-emacs-and-shell-commands)
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- [Navigating](#navigating)
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- [Point/Cursor](#pointcursor)
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- [Smooth scrolling](#smooth-scrolling)
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- [Vim motions with ace-jump mode](#vim-motions-with-ace-jump-mode)
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- [Window manipulation](#window-manipulation)
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- [Resizing windows](#resizing-windows)
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- [Reposition window](#reposition-window)
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- [Golden ratio](#golden-ratio)
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- [Buffers and Files](#buffers-and-files)
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- [Emacs and Spacemacs files](#emacs-and-spacemacs-files)
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- [Ido](#ido)
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- [NeoTree file tree](#neotree-file-tree)
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- [NeoTree navigation](#neotree-navigation)
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- [Opening files with NeoTree](#opening-files-with-neotree)
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- [Other NeoTree key bindings](#other-neotree-key-bindings)
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- [NeoTree mode-line](#neotree-mode-line)
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- [Shells](#shells)
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- [Key bindings](#key-bindings)
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- [Staying in insert state](#staying-in-insert-state)
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- [Bookmarks](#bookmarks)
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- [Searching](#searching)
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- [Project Searching](#project-searching)
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- [Persistent highlighting](#persistent-highlighting)
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- [Stacking highlights](#stacking-highlights)
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- [Highlight current symbol](#highlight-current-symbol)
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- [Visual Star](#visual-star)
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- [Listing symbols by semantic](#listing-symbols-by-semantic)
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- [Helm-swoop](#helm-swoop)
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- [Editing](#editing)
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- [Text manipulation commands](#text-manipulation-commands)
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- [Smartparens Strict mode](#smartparens-strict-mode)
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- [Zooming](#zooming)
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- [Text](#text)
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- [Frame](#frame)
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- [Increase/Decrease numbers](#increasedecrease-numbers)
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- [Spell checking](#spell-checking)
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- [Region selection](#region-selection)
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- [Expand-region](#expand-region)
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- [Indent text object](#indent-text-object)
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- [Region narrowing](#region-narrowing)
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- [Line formatting](#line-formatting)
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- [Auto-completion](#auto-completion)
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- [Replacing text with iedit](#replacing-text-with-iedit)
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- [iedit states key bindings](#iedit-states-key-bindings)
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- [State transitions](#state-transitions)
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- [In iedit state](#in-iedit-state)
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- [In iedit-insert state](#in-iedit-insert-state)
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- [Examples](#examples)
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- [Commenting](#commenting)
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- [Deleting files](#deleting-files)
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- [Editing Lisp code](#editing-lisp-code)
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- [Lisp state Key Bindings](#lisp-state-key-bindings)
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- [Lisp state Auto-switch commands](#lisp-state-auto-switch-commands)
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- [Lisp state commands](#lisp-state-commands)
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- [Lisp state Other commands](#lisp-state-other-commands)
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- [Project management](#project-management)
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- [Registers](#registers)
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- [Errors handling](#errors-handling)
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- [Compiling](#compiling)
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- [Modes](#modes)
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- [Major Mode leader key](#major-mode-leader-key)
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- [Helm](#helm)
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- [Ledger](#ledger)
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- [Org](#org)
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- [Python](#python)
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- [JavaScript](#javascript)
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- [rcirc](#rcirc)
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- [HTML and CSS](#html-and-css)
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- [Emacs Server](#emacs-server)
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- [Connecting to the Emacs server](#connecting-to-the-emacs-server)
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- [Keeping the server alive](#keeping-the-server-alive)
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- [Troubleshoot](#troubleshoot)
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- [Loading fails](#loading-fails)
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- [I have no file ~/.spacemacs](#i-have-no-file-spacemacs)
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- [Tips](#tips)
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- [evil-lisp-state as default state](#evil-lisp-state-as-default-state)
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- [Achievements](#achievements)
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- [Thank you](#thank-you)
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<!-- markdown-toc end -->
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# Philosophy
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Three core pillars: Easy, Consistency, "Crowd-Configured".
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## Easy
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`Spacemacs` organizes key bindings by mnemonic namespaces. If you are looking
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for commands to operate on your buffer, they are right under <kbd>SPC b</kbd>,
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if you want to operate on your project, then it is <kbd>SPC p</kbd>, etc...
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`Spacemacs` comes with a dedicated major mode `spacemacs-mode`. Its goal is to
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give useful feedbacks and perform maintenance tasks easily.
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## Consistency
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Similar functionalities should have the same key binding. For instance if you are
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looking for the definition of a function, the binding is <kbd>SPC m g</kbd>,
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`m` for `major mode` and `g` for `go to`. And no matter what is the major mode it
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should be the same binding.
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## Crowd-Configured
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This term does not really exist but I'm sure you know what it means.
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This is the most powerful feature of `Spacemacs`. Anybody can submit upstream
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his or her configuration layer and anybody can use it in a second by adding it
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in a dotfile and by optionally filtering it (ie. removing unwanted packages).
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So by cloning this repository you have a centralized place of configured
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packages tuned by expert in their domain. And most importantly it should be
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consistent with the whole experience provided by `Spacemacs`.
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If some packages are missing from core `Spacemacs` but they are present in
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several contribution layers, chances are that they should be in core and we
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can easily move them there.
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If any of this core pillars are violated open an issue and we'll try to fix
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this.
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# Goals
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- **Bring the power of modal editing** to the powerful Emacs editing platform.
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- Integrate nicely with `Evil` states (`Vim` modes): `Spacemacs` tries to
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**keep your fingers on the home row** as much as possible, no matter the mode
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you are in.
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- **Crowed-configured**: Contribute your own personal layer upstream and
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everybody can use it.
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- **Minimalistic and nice UI**, keep your available screen space for what
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matters: your text files.
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- **Mnemonic and consistent key bindings** which should be easier to learn
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and remember.
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- **Fast boot time**.
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- **Lower the risk of RSI**.
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- Hopefully, if it's not already the case:
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Ɛ>Ɛ>Ɛ> **make you love modal editing!** <3<3<3
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# Screenshots
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_Startup_
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![spacemacs_startup](img/spacemacs-startup.png)
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_Python_
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![spacemacs_python](img/spacemacs-python.png)
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_Terminal (urxvt)_
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![spacemacs_urxvt](img/spacemacs-urxvt.png)
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*Note: Even though screenshots are updated frequently, `Spacemacs` is evolving
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quickly and the screenshots may not reflect exactly the current state of the
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project.*
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# Who can benefit from this ?
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`Spacemacs` is first intended to be used by **Vim users** who want to go to the
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next level by using Emacs.
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It is also a good fit for people wanting to **lower the [risk of RSI][RSI]**
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induced by the default Emacs key bindings.
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Emacs users wanting to learn **a different way to edit files** or wanting to
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learn Vim key bindings.
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As a side note, if you are a programmer and you don't know Vim key bindings
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yet, I deeply recommend you to learn the basics as recommended in
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[Sacha Chua's one-page guide][sacha_guide] about how to learn Emacs.
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# Configuration layers
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_This part of Spacemacs is still in beta, the structure can change over
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time. Refer to commit messages for more information in case of big changes._
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## Structure
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Configuration is organized in layers. Each layer has the following structure:
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```
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[layer_name]
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|__ [extensions]
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| |__ [mode 1]
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| | ...
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| |__ [mode n]
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|__ config.el
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|__ extensions.el
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|__ funcs.el
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|__ keybindings.el
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|__ packages.el
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[] = directory
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```
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Where:
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File | Usage
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------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------
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config.el | Emacs built-in configuration or mandatory configuration
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extensions.el | The list of extensions to load and the functions to initialize them
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funcs.el | Various functions and macros (often used in keybindings.el)
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keybindings.el | Emacs built-in key bindings or mandatory key bindings
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packages.el | The list of packages to install and the functions to initialize them
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`Packages` are `ELPA` packages which can be installed from an `ELPA` compliant
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repository, and `Extensions` are generally elisp code from git submodules.
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## Extensions and Packages
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### Declaration
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`Extensions` and `Packages` are declared in variables `<layer>-pre-extensions`,
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`<layer>-post-extensions` and `<layer>-packages` where `<layer>` is the layer
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name. `Pre-Extensions` are loaded before `Packages` and `Post-Extensions` are
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loaded after `Packages`.
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They are processed in alphabetical order so sometimes you'll have to use
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some `eval-after-load` black magic.
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Example:
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```elisp
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(defvar <layer>-packages
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'(
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package1
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package2
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)
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```
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### Initialization
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To initialize an extension or a package `xxx`, define a function with this
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format in `extensions.el` or `packages.el`:
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```elisp
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(defun <layer>/init-xxx ()
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...body
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)
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```
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It is common to define the body with the [use-package][use-package] macro.
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### Exclusion
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It is possible to exclude some packages from `Spacemacs` in a per layer basis.
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This is useful when a configuration layer aims to replace a stock package
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declared in the `Spacemacs` layer.
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To do so add the package names to exclude to the variable
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`<layer>-excluded-packages`.
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Example:
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```elisp
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(defvar <layer>-excluded-packages
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'(
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package1
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)
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```
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## Packages synchronization (Vundle like feature)
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`Spacemacs` features a synchronization engine for the ELPA packages. It means
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that `Spacemacs` will auto-install the new packages in `<layer>-packages` lists
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_and_ auto-delete orphan packages in your `elpa` directory.
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It effectively makes `Spacemacs` behave like [Vundle][vundle].
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## Types of configuration layers
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There are three types of configuration layers:
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- core (this is the `Spacemacs` layer)
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- private (in the `private` directory, they are ignored by Git)
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- contrib (in the `contrib` directory, those layers are contributions shared by
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the community and merged upstream).
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## Submitting a configuration layer upstream
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If you decide to provide a `contrib` configuration layer, please check
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the contribution guidelines in [CONTRIBUTE.md][].
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## Example: Themes Megapack example
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This is a simple `contrib` configuration layer listing a bunch of themes,
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you can find it [here][themes-megapack].
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To install it, just add `themes-megapack` to your `~/.spacemacs` like so:
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```elisp
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dotspacemacs-configuration-layers '(themes-megapack)
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```
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You have now installed around 100 themes you are free to try with <kbd>SPC T h</kbd>
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(helm-themes).
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## Managing private configuration layers
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`Spacemacs` configuration system is flexible enough to let you manage your
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private layers in different ways.
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### Using the private directory
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Everything in the private directory is ignored by Git so it is a good place
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to store private layers. There is a huge drawback to this approach though:
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_your layers are not source controlled_.
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### Using an external Git repository
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This is the recommended way to manage your private layers.
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The best approach is to store all your private layers into an external Git
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repository. It is especially a good practice to store them in your `dotfiles`
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repository if you have one. Put also your `~/.spacemacs` file in it.
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Then you are free to symlink your layers into `~/emacs.d/private` _or_ let
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them anywhere you want and reference the parent directory in the variable
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`dotspacemacs-configuration-layer-path` of your `~/.spacemacs`.
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Note that you could also have a dedicated repository for all your private
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layers and then directly clone this repository in `~/.emacs.d/private`.
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### Using a personal branch
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The final main way to manage your private layers is to push them in a personal
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branch that you keep up to date with upstream `master` or `develop`.
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# Dotfile Configuration
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User configuration can be stored in your `~/.spacemacs` file.
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## Installation
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`~/.spacemacs` is an optional file. If you want to use it you have to copy it
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manually from the template file `~/.emacs.d/core/templates/.spacemacs.template`
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```sh
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$ cp ~/.emacs.d/core/templates/.spacemacs.template ~/.spacemacs
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```
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## Content
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### Using configuration layers
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To use a configuration layer, add it to the `dotspacemacs-configuration-layers`
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variable of your `~/.spacemacs`.
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For instance to add the configuration layer of [RMS](#thank-you):
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```elisp
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(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers '(rms))
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```
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If this layer does not exist you can still try another one in
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[the `contrib` directory](https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/tree/master/contrib).
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Configuration layers are expected to be stored in `~/.emacs.d/private` or
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`~/.emacs.d/contrib`. But you are free to keep them somewhere else by declaring
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additional paths where `Spacemacs` can look for configuration layers.
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This is done by setting the list
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`dotspacemacs-configuration-layer-path` in your `~/.spacemacs`:
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```elisp
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(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layer-path '("~/.myconfig/"))
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```
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### Excluding packages
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You can exclude packages you don't want to install with the variable
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`dotspacemacs-excluded-packages`, this variable can exclude both packages and
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extensions (see [Configuration layers](#configuration-layers) for more info
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on packages and extensions).
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For instance to disable the `rainbow-delimiters` package:
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```elisp
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(setq-default dotspacemacs-excluded-packages '(rainbow-delimiters))
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```
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When you exclude a package, `Spacemacs` will automatically delete it for you
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the next time you launch Emacs. All the orphan dependencies are as well
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delete automatically.
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### Hooks
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Two special functions of the `~/.spacemacs` file can be used to perform
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configuration at the beginning and end of `Spacemacs` loading process.
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- `dotspacemacs/init` is triggered at the very beginning of `Spacemacs`
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loading.
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- `dotspacemacs/config` is triggered at the very end of `Spacemacs` loading.
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### Custom variables
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Custom variables configuration from `M-x customize-group` which are
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automatically saved by Emacs are stored at the end of your `~/.spacemacs`
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file.
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# Using the package list buffer
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The package list buffer is where you can selectively update one or all
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packages installed in your configuration as well as browse for all
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available packages in the different Elpa repositories.
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`Spacemacs` replaces the default package list buffer with [Paradox][].
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Paradox enhances the package list buffer with better feedbacks, new
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filters and Github information like the number of stars. Optionally you
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can also star packages directly in the buffer.
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**Important Note** Don't install new packages from the package list
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buffer. If those packages are not referenced in a configuration layer
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then `Spacemacs` will treat them as orphans during the next start of
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Emacs and they will be deleted.
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Key Binding | Description
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---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
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<kbd>/</kbd> | evil-search
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<kbd>f k</kbd> | filter by keywords
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<kbd>f r</kbd> | filter by regexp
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<kbd>f u</kbd> | display only installed package with updates available
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<kbd>h</kbd> | go left
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<kbd>H</kbd> | show help (not accurate)
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<kbd>j</kbd> | go down
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<kbd>k</kbd> | go up
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<kbd>l</kbd> | go right
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<kbd>L</kbd> | show last commits
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<kbd>n</kbd> | next search occurrence
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<kbd>N</kbd> | previous search occurrence
|
|
<kbd>o</kbd> | open package homepage
|
|
<kbd>r</kbd> | refresh
|
|
<kbd>S P</kbd> | sort by package name
|
|
<kbd>S S</kbd> | sort by status (installed, available, etc...)
|
|
<kbd>S *</kbd> | sort by Github stars
|
|
<kbd>v</kbd> | `visual state`
|
|
<kbd>V</kbd> | `visual-line state`
|
|
<kbd>x</kbd> | execute (action flags)
|
|
|
|
## Update all the packages
|
|
|
|
To update all the buffers:
|
|
- open paradox: <kbd>SPC a P</kbd>
|
|
- filter packages (optional): <kbd>f u</kbd>
|
|
- update all: <kbd>U x y</kbd>
|
|
|
|
When asked for old packages deletion hit `y`.
|
|
|
|
# Main principles
|
|
|
|
## Evil
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses the [evil][evil] mode to emulate Vim key bindings. It is a
|
|
very complete emulation, maybe the most advanced. In fact, Evil is much more
|
|
than just a Vim emulation. It has more states than Vim for instance.
|
|
|
|
### States
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` has 8 states:
|
|
|
|
- **Normal** (orange) - like the `normal mode of Vim`, used to execute and
|
|
combine commands
|
|
- **Insert** (green) - like the `insert mode of Vim`, used to actually insert
|
|
text
|
|
- **Visual** (gray) - like the `visual mode of Vim`, used to make text
|
|
selection
|
|
- **Motion** (purple) - exclusive to `Evil`, used to navigate read only
|
|
buffers
|
|
- **Emacs** (blue) - exclusive to `Evil`, using this state is like using a
|
|
regular Emacs without Vim
|
|
- **Lisp** (pink) - exclusive to `Spacemacs`, used to navigate Lisp code and
|
|
modify it (see [Editing Lisp code](#editing-lisp-code))
|
|
- **Iedit** (red) - exclusive to `Spacemacs`, used to navigate between multiple
|
|
regions of text using `iedit`
|
|
(see [Replacing text with iedit](#replacing-text-with-iedit))
|
|
- **Iedit Insert** (red) - exclusive to `Spacemacs`, used to replace multiple
|
|
regions of text using `iedit`
|
|
(see [Replacing text with iedit](#replacing-text-with-iedit))
|
|
|
|
Note: Technically speaking there are also the `operator` and `replace` evil
|
|
states.
|
|
|
|
## Evil leader
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` heavily uses the [evil-leader][evil-leader] mode which brings the
|
|
Vim leader key to the Emacs world.
|
|
|
|
This leader key is commonly set to `,` by Vim users, in `Spacemacs` the leader
|
|
key is set on <kbd>SPC</kbd> (space bar, this is why the name `spacemacs`).
|
|
This key is the most accessible key on a keyboard and it is pressed with the
|
|
thumb which is a good choice to lower the risk of [RSI][RSI].
|
|
|
|
So with `Spacemacs` there is no need to remap your keyboard modifiers to
|
|
attempt to reduce the risk of RSI, every command can be executed very easily
|
|
while you are in `normal` mode by pressing the <kbd>SPC</kbd> leader key,
|
|
here are a few examples:
|
|
|
|
- Save a buffer: <kbd>SPC f s</kbd>
|
|
- Save all opened buffers: <kbd>SPC f S</kbd>
|
|
- Open (switch) to a buffer with `helm`: <kbd>SPC b s</kbd>
|
|
|
|
## Universal argument
|
|
|
|
The universal argument `C-u` is an important command in Emacs but it is also
|
|
a very handy Vim key binding to scroll up.
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` binds <kbd>C-u</kbd> to `scroll-up` and change the universal
|
|
argument binding to <kbd>SPC u</kbd>.
|
|
|
|
## Micro-states
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` defines a wide variety of `micro-states` (temporary overlay maps)
|
|
where it makes sense. This prevents one from doing repetitive and tedious presses on the
|
|
<kbd>SPC</kbd> key.
|
|
|
|
When a `micro-state` is active, a documentation is displayed in the minibuffer.
|
|
Additional information may as well be displayed in the minibuffer.
|
|
|
|
[Auto-highlight-symbol micro-state](#auto-highlight-and-edition-of-symbols):
|
|
![spacemacs_ahs_micro_state](img/spacemacs-ahs-micro-state.png)
|
|
|
|
[Text scale micro-state](#change-font-size):
|
|
![spacemacs_scale_micro_state](img/spacemacs-scale-micro-state.png)
|
|
|
|
# Differences between Vim, Evil and Spacemacs
|
|
|
|
No doubt that `Evil` is one of the most advanced `Vim` emulation and you should
|
|
not see big difference between `Vim` and `Emacs`. I did not find any command I
|
|
used in Vim that I missed in Emacs with `Evil`.
|
|
|
|
Send a PR to add the differences you found in this section.
|
|
|
|
## The vim-surround case
|
|
|
|
There is one obvious visible difference though. It is not between `Evil` and
|
|
`Vim` but between `Spacemacs` and [vim-surround][]: the `surround` command is
|
|
on <kbd>S</kbd> in `vim-surround` whereas it is on <kbd>s</kbd> in `Spacemacs`.
|
|
|
|
This is something that can surprise some Vim users so let me explain why this is
|
|
the case:
|
|
- `s` and `c` do the same thing in `visual state`,
|
|
- `s` is only useful to delete _one_ character and add more than one character
|
|
which is a _very_ narrow use case,
|
|
- `c` accept motions and can do everything `s` can do in `normal state`,
|
|
- this is also true for `r` but `r` is more useful because it stays in
|
|
`normal state`.
|
|
- `surround` command is just a more powerful command that `s`
|
|
|
|
If you are not convinced, then here is the snippet to revert back to the default
|
|
`Vim + vim-surround` setup (add it to your `dotspacemacs/config` function or
|
|
your `~/.spacemacs`):
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(evil-define-key 'visual evil-surround-mode-map "s" 'evil-substitute)
|
|
(evil-define-key 'visual evil-surround-mode-map "S" 'evil-surround-region)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Evil plugins
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` ships with the following evil plugins:
|
|
|
|
Mode | Description
|
|
----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
|
|
[evil-leader][] | vim leader that bring a new layer of keys in normal mode
|
|
[evil-indent-textobject][] | add text object based on indentation level
|
|
[evil-visualstar][] | search for current selection with `*`
|
|
[evil-exchange][] | port of [vim-exchange][]
|
|
[evil-surround][] | port of [vim-surround][]
|
|
[evil-matchit][] | port of [matchit.vim][]
|
|
[evil-nerd-commenter][] | port of [nerdcommenter][]
|
|
[evil-search-highlight-persist][] | emulation of hlsearch behavior
|
|
[evil-numbers][] | like C-a/C-x in vim
|
|
[evil-args][] | motions and text objects for arguments
|
|
[evil-jumper][] | jump list emulation
|
|
[NeoTree][neotree] | mimic [NERD Tree][nerdtree]
|
|
|
|
# Color theme
|
|
|
|
By default, `Spacemacs` uses the theme [solarized-light][solarized-theme].
|
|
|
|
It is possible to define your default theme in your `~/.spacemacs` with
|
|
the variable `dotspacemacs-default-theme`. For instance, to specify `zenburn`:
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(setq-default
|
|
;; Default theme applied at startup
|
|
dotspacemacs-default-theme 'zenburn)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Some themes are supported by `Spacemacs`:
|
|
- [Solarized][solarized-theme]
|
|
- [Leuven][leuven-theme]
|
|
- [Monokai][monokai-theme]
|
|
- [Zenburn][zenburn-theme]
|
|
|
|
It is possible to set any other themes but their compatibility with `Spacemacs`
|
|
is not guaranteed (i.e. there may be some missing faces etc...).
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC T n</kbd> | switch to next theme supported by `Spacemacs`.
|
|
<kbd>SPC h t</kbd> | select a theme using a `helm` buffer.
|
|
|
|
**Note:** Due to the inner working of themes in Emacs, switching theme during
|
|
the same session may have some weird side effects. Although these side effects
|
|
should be pretty rare (especially when switching to a supported theme).
|
|
|
|
**Hint** If you are an `Org` user, [leuven-theme][] is amazing.
|
|
|
|
# UI elements
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` has a minimalistic and distraction free UI with a lot of subtle
|
|
customization which make it unique compared to other kits:
|
|
- beautiful custom [powerline][powerline] mode-line
|
|
[with color feedback](#flycheck-integration) according to current
|
|
[Flycheck][flycheck]
|
|
status
|
|
- unicode symbols for minor mode lighters which appear in the mode-line
|
|
- [custom fringe bitmaps](#errors-handling) and error feedbacks for
|
|
[Flycheck][flycheck]
|
|
- [custom fringe bitmaps](../contrib/git/README.md#git-gutter-bitmaps) for [git gutter][]
|
|
- dedicated startup page with a mode aimed at easily managing `Spacemacs`
|
|
|
|
## Toggles
|
|
|
|
Some UI indicators can be toggled on and off (toggles start with `t`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC t 8</kbd> | display a mark on the 80th column
|
|
<kbd>SPC t F</kbd> | toggle frame fullscreen
|
|
<kbd>SPC t f</kbd> | toggle display of the fringe
|
|
<kbd>SPC t i</kbd> | toggle aggressive indent
|
|
<kbd>SPC t l</kbd> | toggle truncate lines
|
|
<kbd>SPC t L</kbd> | toggle visual lines
|
|
<kbd>SPC t M</kbd> | toggle frame maximize
|
|
<kbd>SPC t n</kbd> | show the absolute line numbers
|
|
<kbd>SPC t t</kbd> | toggle frame transparency
|
|
<kbd>SPC t T</kbd> | toggle tool bar
|
|
<kbd>SPC t U</kbd> | toggle menu bar
|
|
|
|
## Mode-line
|
|
|
|
The mode line is an heavily customized [powerline][powerline] with the
|
|
following capabilities:
|
|
- show the window number
|
|
- color code for current state
|
|
- show the number of search occurrences via anzu
|
|
- toggle flycheck info
|
|
- toggle battery info
|
|
- toggle minor mode lighters
|
|
|
|
Reminder of the color codes for the states:
|
|
|
|
Evil State | Color
|
|
-------------------|------------------
|
|
Normal | Orange
|
|
Insert | Green
|
|
Visual | Grey
|
|
Emacs | Blue
|
|
Motion | Purple
|
|
Lisp | Pink
|
|
Iedit/Iedit-Insert | Red
|
|
|
|
Some elements can be dynamically toggled:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC t m m</kbd> | toggle the minor mode lighters
|
|
<kbd>SPC t m b</kbd> | toggle the battery status
|
|
<kbd>SPC t m f</kbd> | toggle the flycheck info
|
|
<kbd>SPC t m v</kbd> | toggle the new version lighter
|
|
|
|
### Flycheck integration
|
|
|
|
When [Flycheck][flycheck] minor mode is enabled, a new element appears showing
|
|
the number of errors, warnings and info.
|
|
|
|
![powerline-wave](img/powerline-wave.png)
|
|
|
|
### Anzu integration
|
|
|
|
[Anzu][anzu] shows the number of occurrence when performing a search. `Spacemacs`
|
|
integrates nicely the Anzu status by displaying it temporarily when `n` or `N` are
|
|
being pressed. See the `5/6` segment on the screenshot below.
|
|
|
|
![powerline-anzu](img/powerline-anzu.png)
|
|
|
|
### Battery status integration
|
|
|
|
[fancy-battery][] displays the percentage of total charge of the battery as
|
|
well as the time remaining to charge or discharge completely the battery.
|
|
|
|
A color code is used for the battery status:
|
|
|
|
Battery State | Color
|
|
------------------|------------------
|
|
Charging | Green
|
|
Discharging | Orange
|
|
Critical | Red
|
|
|
|
Note the these colors may vary depending on your theme.
|
|
|
|
### Powerline separators
|
|
|
|
It is possible to easily customize the `powerline separator` by setting the
|
|
`powerline-default-separator` variable in your `~./spacemacs`. For instance
|
|
if you want to set back the separator to the well-known `arrow` separator
|
|
add the following snippet to your configuration file:
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(defun dotspacemacs/config ()
|
|
"This is were you can ultimately override default Spacemacs configuration.
|
|
This function is called at the very end of Spacemacs initialization."
|
|
(setq powerline-default-separator 'arrow)
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To save you the time to try all the possible separators provided by the
|
|
powerline, here is an exhaustive set of screenshots:
|
|
|
|
Separator | Screenshot
|
|
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
`alternate` | ![powerline-alternate](img/powerline-alternate.png)
|
|
`arrow` | ![powerline-arrow](img/powerline-arrow.png)
|
|
`arrow-fade` | ![powerline-arrow-fade](img/powerline-arrow-fade.png)
|
|
`bar` | ![powerline-bar](img/powerline-bar.png)
|
|
`box` | ![powerline-box](img/powerline-box.png)
|
|
`brace` | ![powerline-brace](img/powerline-brace.png)
|
|
`butt` | ![powerline-butt](img/powerline-butt.png)
|
|
`chamfer` | ![powerline-chamfer](img/powerline-chamfer.png)
|
|
`contour` | ![powerline-contour](img/powerline-contour.png)
|
|
`curve` | ![powerline-curve](img/powerline-curve.png)
|
|
`rounded` | ![powerline-rounded](img/powerline-rounded.png)
|
|
`roundstub` | ![powerline-roundstub](img/powerline-roundstub.png)
|
|
`slant` | ![powerline-slant](img/powerline-slant.png)
|
|
`wave` | ![powerline-wave](img/powerline-wave.png)
|
|
`zigzag` | ![powerline-zigzag](img/powerline-zigzag.png)
|
|
`nil` | ![powerline-nil](img/powerline-nil.png)
|
|
|
|
### Minor Modes
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [diminish][diminish] mode to reduce the size of minor mode
|
|
indicators:
|
|
|
|
The minor mode area can be toggled on and off with:
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t m m
|
|
|
|
Unicode symbols are displayed by default. Setting the variable
|
|
`dotspacemacs-mode-line-unicode-symbols` to `nil` in your `~/.spacemacs` will
|
|
display ASCII characters instead (may be useful in terminal).
|
|
|
|
Unicode | ASCII | Mode
|
|
:-----------:|:----------:|----------------------------------------------------
|
|
`⊞` | G | [golden-ratio][golden-ratio] mode
|
|
`Ⓐ` | A | [auto-complete][auto-complete] mode
|
|
`Ⓒ` | C | [centered-cursor][centered-cursor] mode
|
|
`Ⓔ` | E | [evil-org][evil-org-mode] mode
|
|
`Ⓕ` | F | flycheck mode
|
|
`Ⓚ` | K | guide-key mode
|
|
`Ⓘ` | I | aggressive indent mode
|
|
`(Ⓟ)` | (P) | paredit mode
|
|
`Ⓢ` | S | flyspell mode
|
|
`(Ⓢ)` | (S) | [smartparens][sp] mode
|
|
`Ⓦ` | W | whitespace mode
|
|
`Ⓨ` | Y | [yasnippet][yasnippet] mode
|
|
|
|
# Font
|
|
|
|
The default font used by `Spacemacs` is [source code pro][] by Adobe. It is
|
|
recommended to install it on your system.
|
|
|
|
Basic font support is provided in `Spacemacs`, you can change the font and
|
|
its size using the function `spacemacs/set-font` in the `dotspacemacs/config`
|
|
function of your `~/.spacemacs`.
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(defun dotspacemacs/config ()
|
|
(spacemacs/set-font "DejaVu Sans Mono" 10)
|
|
)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Commands
|
|
|
|
Every sequences must be performed in `normal` mode.
|
|
|
|
## Reserved prefix command for user
|
|
|
|
<kbd>SPC o</kbd> is reserved for the user. Setting key bindings behind `<SPC> o`
|
|
is **guaranteed** to never conflict with `Spacemacs` defaults key bindings.
|
|
|
|
## Escaping
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [evil-escape][] to easily switch between `insert state` and
|
|
`normal state` by quickly pressing the `fd` keys.
|
|
|
|
The choice of `fd` was made to be able to use the same sequence to escape from
|
|
"everything" in Emacs:
|
|
- escape from all evil states to normal state
|
|
- escape from evil-lisp-state to normal state
|
|
- abort evil ex command
|
|
- quit minibuffer
|
|
- abort isearch
|
|
- quit magit buffers
|
|
- quit help buffers
|
|
- quit apropos buffers
|
|
- quit ert buffers
|
|
- quit undo-tree buffer
|
|
- quit paradox
|
|
- quit gist-list menu
|
|
- hide neotree buffer
|
|
|
|
This sequence can be customized in your `~/.spacemacs`. Example to set it
|
|
to `jj` (it is important set the variable in `dotspacemacs/init`):
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(defun dotspacemacs/init ()
|
|
(setq-default evil-escape-key-sequence "jj"))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
**Note:** Although `jj` or `jk` are popular choices of vim users, these key
|
|
sequences are not optimal for `Spacemacs`. Indeed it is very easy in
|
|
`visual state` to press quickly `jj` and inadvertently escape to `normal state`.
|
|
|
|
## Executing Vim, Emacs and shell commands
|
|
|
|
Command | Key Binding
|
|
:---------------:|------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
Vim (ex-command) | <kbd>`:`</kbd>
|
|
Emacs (M-x) | <kbd>SPC :</kbd>
|
|
Shell | <kbd>SPC !</kbd> or just <kbd>!</kbd>
|
|
|
|
The command key `:` can be easily changed with the variable
|
|
`dotspacemacs-command-key` of your `~/.spacemacs`. Note that is will change both
|
|
`:` and `SPC :` bindings to keep the symmetry between Vim and Emacs. A good
|
|
key can be `,` for example.
|
|
|
|
## Navigating
|
|
|
|
### Point/Cursor
|
|
|
|
Navigation is performed using the Vi key bindings `hjkl`.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>`h`</kbd> | move cursor left
|
|
<kbd>`j`</kbd> | move cursor down
|
|
<kbd>`k`</kbd> | move cursor up
|
|
<kbd>`l`</kbd> | move cursor right
|
|
<kbd>`H`</kbd> | move quickly up (10 lines at a time)
|
|
<kbd>`L`</kbd> | move quickly down (10 lines at a time)
|
|
<kbd>SPC j h</kbd> | go to the beginning of line (and set a mark at the previous location in the line)
|
|
<kbd>SPC j l</kbd> | go to the end of line (and set a mark at the previous location in the line)
|
|
<kbd>SPC z z</kbd> | lock the cursor at the center of the screen
|
|
|
|
#### Smooth scrolling
|
|
|
|
[smooth-scrolling]() prevent the point to jump when it reaches the top or
|
|
bottom of the screen. It is enabled by default.
|
|
|
|
On Windows, you may want to disable it. To disable the smooth scrolling set
|
|
the `dotspacemacs-smooth-scrolling` variable in your `~/.spacemacs` to `nil`:
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(setq-default dotspacemacs-smooth-scrolling t)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Vim motions with ace-jump mode
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses the `evil` integration of [ace-jump mode][ace-jump] which
|
|
enables the invocation of `ace-jump-mode` during motions.
|
|
|
|
It is useful for deleting visually a set of lines, try the following sequence
|
|
in a buffer containing some text:
|
|
|
|
d <SPC> l
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC SPC</kbd> | initiate ace jump word mode
|
|
<kbd>SPC l</kbd> | initiate ace jump line mode
|
|
<kbd>SPC `</kbd> | go back to the previous location (before the jump)
|
|
|
|
Hint: you may change to char mode by `C-c C-c` in word mode.
|
|
|
|
### Window manipulation
|
|
|
|
Every window has a number displayed at the start of the mode-line and can
|
|
be quickly accessed using `<SPC> number`.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC 1</kbd> | go to first window
|
|
<kbd>SPC 2</kbd> | go to window number 2
|
|
<kbd>SPC 3</kbd> | go to window number 3
|
|
<kbd>SPC 4</kbd> | go to window number 4
|
|
<kbd>SPC 5</kbd> | go to window number 5
|
|
<kbd>SPC 6</kbd> | go to window number 6
|
|
<kbd>SPC 7</kbd> | go to window number 7
|
|
<kbd>SPC 8</kbd> | go to window number 8
|
|
<kbd>SPC 9</kbd> | go to window number 9
|
|
<kbd>SPC 0</kbd> | go to window number 10
|
|
|
|
Windows manipulation commands (start with `w`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC w c</kbd> | close a window
|
|
<kbd>SPC w d</kbd> | toggle window dedication (dedicated window cannot be reused by a mode)
|
|
<kbd>SPC w H</kbd> | move window to the left
|
|
<kbd>SPC w J</kbd> | move window to the bottom
|
|
<kbd>SPC w K</kbd> | move window to the top
|
|
<kbd>SPC w L</kbd> | move window to the right
|
|
<kbd>SPC w m</kbd> | maximize/minimize a window
|
|
<kbd>SPC w M</kbd> | maximize/minimize a window, when maximized the buffer is centered
|
|
<kbd>SPC w o</kbd> | cycle and focus between frames
|
|
<kbd>SPC w p m</kbd> | open messages buffer in a popup window
|
|
<kbd>SPC w p p</kbd> | close the current sticky popup window
|
|
<kbd>SPC w r</kbd> | initiate window size micro-state
|
|
<kbd>SPC w R</kbd> | rotate windows clockwise
|
|
<kbd>SPC w s</kbd> or <kbd>SPC w /</kbd> | horizontal split
|
|
<kbd>SPC w S</kbd> | horizontal split and focus new window
|
|
<kbd>SPC w u</kbd> | undo window layout (used to effectively undo a closed window)
|
|
<kbd>SPC w U</kbd> | redo window layout
|
|
<kbd>SPC w v</kbd> or <kbd>SPC w -</kbd> | vertical split
|
|
<kbd>SPC w V</kbd> | vertical split and focus new window
|
|
<kbd>SPC w w</kbd> | cycle and focus between windows
|
|
|
|
#### Resizing windows
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` defines a micro-state to resize windows.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC w S</kbd> | initiate micro-state
|
|
<kbd>H</kbd> | shrink window horizontally
|
|
<kbd>J</kbd> | shrink window vertically
|
|
<kbd>K</kbd> | enlarge window vertically
|
|
<kbd>L</kbd> | enlarge window horizontally
|
|
Any other key | leave the micro-state
|
|
|
|
The micro-state text in minibuffer display the following information:
|
|
|
|
[WidthxHeight] Resize window: (H/L) shrink/enlarge horizontally, (J/K) shrink/enlarge vertically
|
|
|
|
#### Reposition window
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>z f</kbd> | Make current function or comments visible
|
|
|
|
`z f` tries to accommodate current function or comments into window as much as possible.
|
|
|
|
#### Golden ratio
|
|
|
|
If you resize windows like crazy you may want to give a try to [golden-ratio][].
|
|
|
|
`golden-ratio` resizes windows dynamically depending on whether they are
|
|
selected or not. By default `golden-ratio` is off.
|
|
|
|
The mode can be toggled on and off with:
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t g
|
|
|
|
### Buffers and Files
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses `ido` for opening files since `ido` way to navigate
|
|
the file system is better than `helm` in my opinion (especially because `ido` can
|
|
remember the last selected directories and buffers, maybe helm can do this ?).
|
|
`ido` is also used to kill buffers.
|
|
|
|
Buffer manipulation commands (start with `b`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC b 0</kbd> | move to the beginning of buffer (useful in `emacs state` buffers)
|
|
<kbd>SPC b $</kbd> | move to the end of buffer (useful in `emacs state` buffers)
|
|
<kbd>SPC b b</kbd> or <kbd>SPC TAB</kbd> | switch to alternate buffer (switch back and forth)
|
|
<kbd>SPC b e</kbd> | erase the content of the buffer (ask for confirmation)
|
|
<kbd>SPC b k</kbd> | kill the current buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC b K</kbd> | kill all buffers except the current one
|
|
<kbd>SPC b C-K</kbd> | kill all buffers matching the regexp
|
|
<kbd>SPC b m h</kbd> | move a buffer to the left
|
|
<kbd>SPC b m j</kbd> | move a buffer to the bottom
|
|
<kbd>SPC b m k</kbd> | move a buffer to the top
|
|
<kbd>SPC b m l</kbd> | move a buffer to the right
|
|
<kbd>SPC b n</kbd> | switch to next buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC b p</kbd> | switch to previous buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC b r</kbd> | rename the current buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC b R</kbd> | revert the current buffer (reload from disk)
|
|
<kbd>SPC b s</kbd> | switch to a buffer using `helm`
|
|
<kbd>SPC b w</kbd> | toggle read-only (writable state)
|
|
|
|
Files manipulation commands (start with `f`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC f d</kbd> | delete a file and the associated buffer (ask for confirmation)
|
|
<kbd>SPC f f</kbd> | open a file using `ido`
|
|
<kbd>SPC f j</kbd> | jump to the current buffer file in dired
|
|
<kbd>SPC f o</kbd> | open a file using the default external program
|
|
<kbd>SPC f s</kbd> | save a file
|
|
<kbd>SPC f S</kbd> | save all files
|
|
<kbd>SPC f r</kbd> | open a recent file with `helm`
|
|
<kbd>SPC f t</kbd> | toggle file tree side bar using [NeoTree][neotree]
|
|
<kbd>SPC f y</kbd> | show current file absolute path in the minibuffer
|
|
|
|
#### Emacs and Spacemacs files
|
|
|
|
Convenient key bindings are located under the prefix <kbd>SPC f e</kbd> to
|
|
quickly navigate between `Emacs` and `Spacemacs` specific files.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC f e c</kbd> | open `ido` in the `contrib` folder
|
|
<kbd>SPC f e d</kbd> | open the spacemacs dotfile (`~/.spacemacs`)
|
|
<kbd>SPC f e h</kbd> | discover `Spacemacs` layers and packages using `helm`
|
|
<kbd>SPC f e i</kbd> | open the all mighty `init.el`
|
|
<kbd>SPC f e s</kbd> | open `ido` in the `spacemacs` layer folder
|
|
|
|
### Ido
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` displays the `ido` minibuffer vertically thanks to the
|
|
[ido-vertical-mode][ido-vertical-mode].
|
|
|
|
Basic `ido` operations can be done with `Ctrl` key:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>C-\<return\></kbd> | open a `dired buffer`
|
|
<kbd>M-\<return\></kbd> | open a `dired buffer` in terminal
|
|
<kbd>C-d</kbd> | delete selected file (ask for confirmation)
|
|
<kbd>C-h</kbd> | go to parent directory
|
|
<kbd>C-j</kbd> | select next file or directory
|
|
<kbd>C-S-j</kbd> | go to next directory
|
|
<kbd>C-k</kbd> | select previous file or directory
|
|
<kbd>C-S-k</kbd> | go to previous directory
|
|
<kbd>C-l</kbd> | open the selected file
|
|
<kbd>C-n</kbd> | next history element
|
|
<kbd>C-o</kbd> | open selected file in other window
|
|
<kbd>C-p</kbd> | previous history element
|
|
<kbd>C-s</kbd> | open selected file in a vertically split window
|
|
<kbd>C-t</kbd> | open selected file in a new frame
|
|
<kbd>C-v</kbd> | open selected file in a horizontally split window
|
|
|
|
### NeoTree file tree
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` provides a quick and simple way to navigate in an unknown project
|
|
file tree with [NeoTree][neotree].
|
|
|
|
To toggle the `NeoTree` buffer press:
|
|
|
|
<SPC> f t
|
|
|
|
The NeoTree window always has the number `0` so it does not shift the current
|
|
number of the other windows. To select the NeoTree window you then use
|
|
<kbd>SPC 0</kbd>.
|
|
|
|
#### NeoTree navigation
|
|
|
|
Navigation is centered on the `hjkl` with the hope to provide a fast navigation
|
|
experience like in [ranger][]:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>h</kbd> | collapse expanded directory or go to parent node
|
|
<kbd>H</kbd> | previous sibling
|
|
<kbd>j</kbd> | next file or directory
|
|
<kbd>J</kbd> | next expanded directory on level down
|
|
<kbd>k</kbd> | previous file or directory
|
|
<kbd>K</kbd> | parent directory, when reaching the root change it to parent directory
|
|
<kbd>l</kbd> or <kbd>RET</kbd> | expand directory
|
|
<kbd>L</kbd> | next sibling
|
|
|
|
**Note:** The point is automatically set to the first letter of a node for a
|
|
smoother experience.
|
|
|
|
#### Opening files with NeoTree
|
|
|
|
By default a file is opened in the last active window. It is possible to choose
|
|
window number where to open a file by using a numeric argument, for instance
|
|
<kbd>2 l</kbd> or <kbd>2 RET</kbd> will open the current file in the windows 2.
|
|
It is also possible to open the file in a split window with <kbd>|</kbd> and
|
|
<kbd>-</kbd>:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
----------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>l</kbd> or <kbd>RET</kbd> | open file in last active window
|
|
<kbd># l</kbd> or <kbd>2 RET</kbd>| open file in window number `#`
|
|
<kbd>\|</kbd> | open file in an vertically split window
|
|
<kbd>-</kbd> | open file in an horizontally split window
|
|
|
|
#### Other NeoTree key bindings
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>TAB</kbd> | toggle stretching of the buffer
|
|
<kbd>c</kbd> | create a node
|
|
<kbd>d</kbd> | delete a node
|
|
<kbd>g</kbd> | refresh
|
|
<kbd>s</kbd> | toggle showing of hidden files
|
|
<kbd>q</kbd> or <kbd>fd</kbd> | hide `NeoTree` buffer
|
|
<kbd>r</kbd> | rename a node
|
|
|
|
#### NeoTree mode-line
|
|
|
|
The mode-line has the following format `[x/y] d (D:a, F:b)` where:
|
|
- `x` is the index of the current selected file or directory
|
|
- `y` the total number of items (file and directory) in the current directory
|
|
- `d` the name of the current directory
|
|
- `a` the number of directories in the current directory
|
|
- `b` the number of files in the current directory
|
|
|
|
### Shells
|
|
|
|
#### Key bindings
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>C-j</kbd> | next item in history
|
|
<kbd>C-k</kbd> | previous item in history
|
|
<kbd>SPC m h</kbd> | browse history with `helm` (works in `eshell` and `shell`)
|
|
|
|
#### Staying in insert state
|
|
|
|
Navigating in shell buffers can be tricky because it is not possible to use the
|
|
leader in `insert state`. Switching back and forth between normal and insert
|
|
states can be tedious. The solution to this is to use <kbd>C-o</kbd> then use
|
|
the leader key. <kbd>C-o</kbd> set the next key to be evaluated in
|
|
`normal state`.
|
|
|
|
### Bookmarks
|
|
|
|
Bookmarks can be set anywhere in a file. Bookmarks are persistent. They are very
|
|
useful to jump to/open a known project. `Spacemacs` used `helm-bookmarks` to
|
|
manage them.
|
|
|
|
Open an `helm` window with the current bookmarks by pressing:
|
|
|
|
<SPC> h b
|
|
|
|
Then in the `helm-bookmarks` buffer:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+d</kbd> | delete the selected bookmark
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+e</kbd> | edit the selected bookmark
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+f</kbd> | toggle filename location
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+o</kbd> | open the selected bookmark in another window
|
|
|
|
To save a new bookmark, just type the name of the bookmark and press `RET`.
|
|
|
|
## Searching
|
|
|
|
### Project Searching
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC /</kbd> or <kbd>SPC a</kbd> | with [The Silver Searcher][ag]
|
|
<kbd>SPC A</kbd> | with `ack`
|
|
<kbd>SPC g</kbd> | with `grep`
|
|
<kbd>SPC h l</kbd> | show last helm popup
|
|
|
|
### Persistent highlighting
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses `evil-search-highlight-persist` to keep the searched expression
|
|
highlighted until the next search. It is also possible to clear the
|
|
highlighting by pressing <kbd>SPC s c</kbd> or executing the ex command `:noh`.
|
|
|
|
### Stacking highlights
|
|
|
|
With [hl-anything][] it is possible to highlight all occurrences of the word
|
|
under point. The highlights can be stacked.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC h c</kbd> | clear the highlightings
|
|
<kbd>SPC h g c</kbd> | clear the highlightings globally (all opened buffers)
|
|
<kbd>SPC h h</kbd> | highlight all occurrence of the word at point
|
|
<kbd>SPC h g h</kbd> | highlight all occurrence of the word at point globally (all opened buffers)
|
|
<kbd>SPC h n</kbd> | next highlighted occurrence
|
|
<kbd>SPC h N</kbd> | previous highlighted occurrence
|
|
<kbd>SPC h p</kbd> | toggle auto-highlight of the enclosing parenthesis
|
|
<kbd>SPC h r</kbd> | restore saved highlights in the current buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC h s</kbd> | save current highlights
|
|
|
|
### Highlight current symbol
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` supports highlighting of the current symbol on demand (provided by
|
|
the [auto-highlight-symbol][auto-highlight] mode) and adding a micro-state to
|
|
easily navigate and rename this symbol.
|
|
|
|
It is also possible to change the range of the navigation on the fly to:
|
|
- buffer
|
|
- function
|
|
- visible area
|
|
|
|
To initiate the highlighting of the current symbol under point press
|
|
<kbd>SPC s h</kbd>.
|
|
|
|
Navigation between the highlighted symbols can be done with the commands:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>*</kbd> | initiate navigation micro-state
|
|
<kbd>SPC s b</kbd> | go to the last searched occurrence of the last highlighted symbol
|
|
<kbd>SPC s e</kbd> | edit all occurrences of the current symbol(*)
|
|
<kbd>SPC s h</kbd> | highlight the current symbol and all its occurrence within the current range
|
|
<kbd>SPC s R</kbd> | change range to default (`whole buffer`)
|
|
|
|
In 'Spacemacs' highlight symbol micro-state:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>e</kbd> | edit occurrences (*)
|
|
<kbd>n</kbd> | go to next occurrence
|
|
<kbd>N</kbd> | go to previous occurrence
|
|
<kbd>d</kbd> | go to next definition occurrence
|
|
<kbd>D</kbd> | go to previous definition occurrence
|
|
<kbd>r</kbd> | change range (`function`, `display area`, `whole buffer`)
|
|
<kbd>R</kbd> | go to home occurrence (reset position to starting occurrence)
|
|
Any other key | leave the navigation micro-state
|
|
|
|
(*) using [iedit][] or the default implementation of `auto-highlight-symbol`
|
|
|
|
The micro-state text in minibuffer display the following information:
|
|
|
|
<M> [6/11]* press (n/N) to navigate, (e) to edit, (r) to change range or (R) for reset
|
|
|
|
Where `<M> [x/y]*` is:
|
|
- M: the current range mode
|
|
- `<B>`: whole buffer range
|
|
- `<D>`: current display range
|
|
- `<F>`: current function range
|
|
- `x`: the index of the current highlighted occurrence
|
|
- `y`: the total number of occurrences
|
|
- `*`: appears if there is at least one occurrence which is not currently
|
|
visible.
|
|
|
|
### Visual Star
|
|
|
|
With [evil-visualstar][] you can search for the next occurrence of the current
|
|
selection.
|
|
|
|
It is pretty useful combined with the [expand-region](#region-selection)
|
|
bindings.
|
|
|
|
_Note:_ If the current state is not the `visual state` then pressing `*` uses
|
|
[auto-highlight-symbol](#auto-highlight-symbols) and its micro-state.
|
|
|
|
### Listing symbols by semantic
|
|
|
|
Use `helm-semantic-or-imenu` command from `Helm` to quickly navigate between
|
|
the symbols in a buffer.
|
|
|
|
To list all the symbols of a buffer press:
|
|
|
|
<SPC> s l
|
|
|
|
### Helm-swoop
|
|
|
|
This is very similar to `moccur`, it displays a `helm` buffer with all the
|
|
occurrences of the word under point. You can then change the search query
|
|
in real-time and navigate between them easily.
|
|
|
|
You can even edit the occurrences directly in the `helm` buffer and apply
|
|
the modifications to the buffer.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC s s</kbd> | execute `helm-swoop`
|
|
<kbd>SPC s S</kbd> | execute `helm-multi-swoop`
|
|
<kbd>SPC s C-s</kbd> | execute `helm-multi-swoop-all`
|
|
|
|
## Editing
|
|
|
|
### Text manipulation commands
|
|
|
|
Text related commands (start with `x`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC x u</kbd> | set the selected text to lower case
|
|
<kbd>SPC x U</kbd> | set the selected text to upper case
|
|
<kbd>SPC x d w</kbd> | delete trailing whitespaces
|
|
<kbd>SPC x g l</kbd> | set languages used by translate commands
|
|
<kbd>SPC x g t</kbd> | translate current word using Google Translate
|
|
<kbd>SPC x g T</kbd> | reverse source and target languages
|
|
<kbd>SPC x m j</kbd> | move down a line of text
|
|
<kbd>SPC x m k</kbd> | move up a line of text
|
|
<kbd>SPC x t c</kbd> | swap (transpose) the current character with the previous one
|
|
<kbd>SPC x t w</kbd> | swap (transpose) the current word with the previous one
|
|
<kbd>SPC x t l</kbd> | swap (transpose) the current line with the previous one
|
|
<kbd>SPC x w c</kbd> | count the number of words in the selection region
|
|
<kbd>SPC x w C</kbd> | count the number of occurrences per word in the select region
|
|
|
|
### Smartparens Strict mode
|
|
|
|
[Smartparens][sp] comes with a strict mode which prevents deletion of
|
|
parenthesis if the result is unbalanced.
|
|
|
|
This mode can be frustrating for novices, this is why it is not enabled by
|
|
default.
|
|
|
|
It is possible to enable it easily for _all programming modes_ with the
|
|
variable `dotspacemacs-smartparens-strict-mode` of you `~/.spacemacs`.
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(setq-default dotspacemacs-smartparens-strict-mode t)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Zooming
|
|
|
|
#### Text
|
|
|
|
The font size of the current buffer can be adjusted with the commands:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC z x +</kbd> | scale up the font and initiate the font scaling micro-state
|
|
<kbd>SPC z x -</kbd> | scale down the font and initiate the font scaling micro-state
|
|
<kbd>SPC z x =</kbd> | reset the font size (no scaling) and initiate the font scaling micro-state
|
|
<kbd>+</kbd> | increase the font size
|
|
<kbd>-</kbd> | decrease the font size
|
|
<kbd>=</kbd> | reset the font size
|
|
Any other key | leave the font scaling micro-state
|
|
|
|
Note that _only_ the text of the current buffer is scaled, the other buffers,
|
|
the mode-line and the minibuffer are not affected. To zoom the whole content of
|
|
a frame use the `zoom frame` bindings (see next section).
|
|
|
|
#### Frame
|
|
|
|
You can zoom in and out the whole content of the frame with the commands:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC z f +</kbd> | zoom in the frame content
|
|
<kbd>SPC z f -</kbd> | zoom out the frame content
|
|
<kbd>SPC z f =</kbd> | reset the frame content size
|
|
<kbd>+</kbd> | zoom in
|
|
<kbd>-</kbd> | zoom out
|
|
<kbd>=</kbd> | reset zoom
|
|
Any other key | leave the zoom frame micro-state
|
|
|
|
### Increase/Decrease numbers
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [evil-numbers][] to easily increase or increase numbers.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC n +</kbd> | increase the number under point by one and initiate micro-state
|
|
<kbd>SPC n -</kbd> | decrease the number under point by one and initiate micro-state
|
|
|
|
In micro-state:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>+</kbd> | increase the number under point by one
|
|
<kbd>-</kbd> | decrease the number under point by one
|
|
Any other key | leave the micro-state
|
|
|
|
**Tips:** you can increase or decrease a value by more that once by using a
|
|
prefix argument (ie. `10 SPC n +` will add 10 to the number under point).
|
|
|
|
### Spell checking
|
|
|
|
Spell checking commands start with `S`:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC S c</kbd> | list of corrections in a `helm` buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC S d</kbd> | change dictionary language
|
|
<kbd>SPC S n</kbd> | go to the next spell check error
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Region selection
|
|
|
|
Vi `Visual` modes are all supported by `evil`.
|
|
|
|
#### Expand-region
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` adds another `Visual` mode via the [expand-region][] mode.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC v</kbd> | initiate expand-region mode then...
|
|
<kbd>v</kbd> | expand the region by one semantic unit
|
|
<kbd>V</kbd> | contract the region by one semantic unit
|
|
<kbd>r</kbd> | reset the region to initial selection
|
|
<kbd>ESC</kbd> | leave expand-region mode
|
|
|
|
#### Indent text object
|
|
|
|
With [evil-indent-textobject] the following action can be performed in
|
|
`normal state`:
|
|
- <kbd>ii</kbd> - Inner Indentation: the surrounding textblock with the same
|
|
indentation
|
|
- <kbd>ai</kbd> - Above and Indentation: ii + the line above with a different
|
|
indentation
|
|
- <kbd>aI</kbd> - Above and Indentation+: ai + the line below with a different
|
|
indentation
|
|
|
|
Example (`|` is the point):
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(while (not done)
|
|
(messa|ge "All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy."))
|
|
(1+ 41)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
- <kbd>vii</kbd> will select the line with message
|
|
- <kbd>vai</kbd> will select the whole while loop
|
|
- <kbd>vaI</kbd> will select the whole fragment
|
|
|
|
### Region narrowing
|
|
|
|
The displayed text of a buffer can be narrowed with the commands
|
|
(start with `n`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-----------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC n f</kbd> | narrow the buffer to the current function
|
|
<kbd>SPC n p</kbd> | narrow the buffer to the visible page
|
|
<kbd>SPC n r</kbd> | narrow the buffer to the selected text
|
|
<kbd>SPC n w</kbd> | widen, i.e show the whole buffer again
|
|
|
|
### Line formatting
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` performs `go to the line below point and indent it` with
|
|
<kbd>SPC j k</kbd>.
|
|
You may repeat this operation with `evil-repeat` if you need to indent many lines.
|
|
|
|
Line formatting commands start with `j`:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>J</kbd> | join the current line with the next line
|
|
<kbd>SPC j j</kbd> | same as <kbd>SPC j k</kbd> but will split the current line at point
|
|
<kbd>SPC J</kbd> | split a quoted string or s-expression in place
|
|
<kbd>SPC j J</kbd> | split a quoted string or s-expression and auto-indent
|
|
<kbd>SPC j k</kbd> | go to next line and indent it using auto-indent rules
|
|
|
|
Used together these key bindings are very powerful to quickly reformat the code.
|
|
|
|
### Auto-completion
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [auto-complete][] auto-completion engine.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>C-j</kbd> | select next candidate
|
|
<kbd>C-k</kbd> | select previous candidate
|
|
<kbd>TAB</kbd> | expand selection or select next candidate
|
|
<kbd>S-TAB</kbd> | select previous candidate
|
|
<kbd>return</kbd> | complete word, if word is already completed insert a carriage return
|
|
|
|
### Replacing text with iedit
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses the powerful [iedit][] mode through [evil-iedit-state][] to
|
|
quickly edit multiple occurrences of a symbol or selection.
|
|
|
|
`evil-iedit-state` defines two new evil states:
|
|
- `iedit state`
|
|
- `iedit-insert state`
|
|
|
|
The color code for these states is `red`.
|
|
|
|
`evil-iedit-state` has also a nice integration with [expand-region][] for quick
|
|
edition of the current selected text by pressing <kbd>e</kbd>.
|
|
|
|
#### iedit states key bindings
|
|
|
|
##### State transitions
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | From | To
|
|
-------------------|:------------------:|:-------------------------:
|
|
<kbd>SPC s e</kbd> | normal or visual | iedit
|
|
<kbd>e</kbd> | expand-region | iedit
|
|
<kbd>ESC</kbd> | iedit | normal
|
|
<kbd>C-g</kbd> | iedit | normal
|
|
<kbd>fd</kbd> | iedit | normal
|
|
<kbd>ESC</kbd> | iedit-insert | iedit
|
|
<kbd>C-g</kbd> | iedit-insert | normal
|
|
<kbd>fd</kbd> | iedit-insert | normal
|
|
|
|
To sum-up, in `iedit-insert state` you have to press <kbd>ESC</kbd> twice to
|
|
go back to the `normal state`. You can also at any time press <kbd>C-g</kbd>
|
|
or <kbd>fd</kbd> to return to `normal state`.
|
|
|
|
**Note:** evil commands which switch to `insert state` will switch in
|
|
`iedit-insert state`.
|
|
|
|
##### In iedit state
|
|
|
|
`iedit state` inherits from `normal state`, the following key bindings are
|
|
specific to `iedit state`.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>ESC</kbd> | go back to `normal state`
|
|
<kbd>TAB</kbd> | toggle current occurrence
|
|
<kbd>0</kbd> | go to the beginning of the current occurrence
|
|
<kbd>$</kbd> | go to the end of the current occurrence
|
|
<kbd>#</kbd> | prefix all occurrences with an increasing number (<kbd>SPC u</kbd> to choose the starting number).
|
|
<kbd>A</kbd> | go to the end of the current occurrence and switch to `iedit-insert state`
|
|
<kbd>D</kbd> | delete the occurrences
|
|
<kbd>F</kbd> | restrict the scope to the function
|
|
<kbd>gg</kbd> | go to first occurrence
|
|
<kbd>G</kbd> | go to last occurrence
|
|
<kbd>I</kbd> | go to the beginning of the current occurrence and switch to `iedit-insert state`
|
|
<kbd>J</kbd> | increase the edition scope by one line below
|
|
<kbd>K</kbd> | increase the edition scope by one line above
|
|
<kbd>L</kbd> | restrict the scope to the current line
|
|
<kbd>n</kbd> | go to next occurrence
|
|
<kbd>N</kbd> | go to previous occurrence
|
|
<kbd>p</kbd> | replace occurrences with last yanked (copied) text
|
|
<kbd>S</kbd> | (substitute) delete the occurrences and switch to `iedit-insert state`
|
|
<kbd>V</kbd> | toggle visibility of lines with no occurrence
|
|
<kbd>U</kbd> | Up-case the occurrences
|
|
<kbd>C-U</kbd> | down-case the occurrences
|
|
|
|
**Note:** <kbd>0</kbd>, <kbd>$</kbd>, <kbd>A</kbd> and <kbd>I</kbd> have the
|
|
default Vim behavior when used outside of an occurrence.
|
|
|
|
##### In iedit-insert state
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>ESC</kbd> | go back to `iedit state`
|
|
<kbd>C-g</kbd> | go back to `normal state`
|
|
|
|
#### Examples
|
|
|
|
- manual selection of several words then replace: <kbd>v w w SPC s e S "toto" ESC ESC</kbd>
|
|
- append text to a word on two lines: <kbd>v i w SPC s e J i "toto" ESC ESC</kbd>
|
|
- substitute symbol _with expand-region_: <kbd>SPC v v e S "toto" ESC ESC</kbd>
|
|
- replace symbol with yanked (copied) text _with expand region_: <kbd>SPC v e p ESC ESC</kbd>
|
|
|
|
### Commenting
|
|
|
|
Comments are handled by [evil-nerd-commenter][], it's bound to the following keys.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC ;</kbd> | comment operator
|
|
<kbd>SPC c i</kbd> | comment invert
|
|
<kbd>SPC c l</kbd> | comment lines
|
|
<kbd>SPC c p</kbd> | comment paragraphs
|
|
<kbd>SPC c r</kbd> | comment region
|
|
<kbd>SPC c t</kbd> | comment to line
|
|
<kbd>SPC c y</kbd> | comment and yank
|
|
|
|
**Tips:** To comment efficiently a block of line use the combo:
|
|
|
|
<SPC> ; <SPC> l
|
|
|
|
### Deleting files
|
|
|
|
Deletion is configured to send deleted files to system trash.
|
|
|
|
On OS X the `trash` program is required. It can be installed with
|
|
[homebrew][] with the following command:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
$ brew install trash
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
To disable the trash you can set the variable `delete-by-moving-to-trash`
|
|
to `nil` in your `~/.spacemacs`.
|
|
|
|
### Editing Lisp code
|
|
|
|
Edition of lisp code is provided by [evil-lisp-state][].
|
|
|
|
Some commands will set the current state to `lisp state` where
|
|
different commands combo can be repeated without pressing on
|
|
<kbd>SPC m</kbd>.
|
|
|
|
When in `lisp state` the color of the mode-line changes to pink.
|
|
|
|
Examples:
|
|
- to slurp three times while in normal state: <kbd>SPC m 3 n</kbd>
|
|
- to wrap a symbol in parenthesis then slurping two times: <kbd>SPC m w 2 n</kbd>
|
|
|
|
#### Lisp state Key Bindings
|
|
|
|
##### Lisp state Auto-switch commands
|
|
|
|
These commands switch to `lisp state`.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Function
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC</kbd> | evil leader
|
|
<kbd>SPC m %</kbd> | evil jump item
|
|
<kbd>SPC m :</kbd> | ex command
|
|
<kbd>SPC m (</kbd> | insert expression before (same level as current one)
|
|
<kbd>SPC m )</kbd> | insert expression after (same level as current one)
|
|
<kbd>SPC m $</kbd> | go to the end of current sexp
|
|
<kbd>SPC m 0</kbd> | go to the beginning of current sexp
|
|
<kbd>SPC m a</kbd> | absorb expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m A</kbd> | transpose expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m b</kbd> | forward barf expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m B</kbd> | backward barf expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m c</kbd> | convolute expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m h</kbd> | backward char
|
|
<kbd>SPC m H</kbd> | previous symbol
|
|
<kbd>SPC m i</kbd> | switch to `insert state`
|
|
<kbd>SPC m I</kbd> | go to beginning of current expression and switch to `insert state`
|
|
<kbd>SPC m j</kbd> | next visual line
|
|
<kbd>SPC m J</kbd> | next closing parenthesis
|
|
<kbd>SPC m k</kbd> | previous visual line
|
|
<kbd>SPC m K</kbd> | previous opening parenthesis
|
|
<kbd>SPC m l</kbd> | forward char
|
|
<kbd>SPC m L</kbd> | next symbol
|
|
<kbd>SPC m m</kbd> | merge (join) expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m n</kbd> | forwared slurp expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m N</kbd> | backward slurp expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m p</kbd> | paste after
|
|
<kbd>SPC m P</kbd> | paste before
|
|
<kbd>SPC m q</kbd> | unwrap current expression and kill all symbols after point
|
|
<kbd>SPC m Q</kbd> | unwrap current expression and kill all symbols before point
|
|
<kbd>SPC m r</kbd> | raise expression (replace parent expression by current one)
|
|
<kbd>SPC m u</kbd> | undo
|
|
<kbd>SPC m C-r</kbd> | redo
|
|
<kbd>SPC m v</kbd> | switch to `visual state`
|
|
<kbd>SPC m V</kbd> | switch to `visual line state`
|
|
<kbd>SPC m C-v</kbd> | switch to `visual block state`
|
|
<kbd>SPC m w</kbd> | wrap expression with parenthesis
|
|
<kbd>SPC m W</kbd> | unwrap expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m xs</kbd> | delete symbol
|
|
<kbd>SPC m xw</kbd> | delete word
|
|
<kbd>SPC m xx</kbd> | delete expression
|
|
<kbd>SPC m y</kbd> | copy expression
|
|
|
|
##### Lisp state commands
|
|
|
|
These commands can be executed in `lisp state'.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Function
|
|
---------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>h</kbd> | backward char
|
|
<kbd>j</kbd> | next visual line
|
|
<kbd>k</kbd> | previous visual line
|
|
<kbd>l</kbd> | forward char
|
|
|
|
##### Lisp state Other commands
|
|
|
|
These commands can be executed in any state.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Function
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC m e $</kbd> | go to end of line and evaluate last sexp
|
|
<kbd>SPC m e e</kbd> | evaluate last sexp
|
|
<kbd>SPC m e f</kbd> | evaluate current defun
|
|
<kbd>SPC m g g</kbd> | go to definition
|
|
<kbd>SPC m h h</kbd> | describe elisp thing at point (show documentation)
|
|
<kbd>SPC m t b</kbd> | execute buffer tests
|
|
<kbd>SPC m t q</kbd> | ask for test function to execute
|
|
|
|
## Project management
|
|
|
|
Projects in `Spacemacs` are managed with [projectile][projectile]. In
|
|
`projectile` projects are defined implicitly, for instance the root of a
|
|
project is found when a `.git` repository or `.projectile` file is
|
|
encountered in the file tree.
|
|
|
|
`Helm` is used whenever it is possible.
|
|
|
|
To search in a project see [project searching](#project-searching).
|
|
|
|
`projectile` commands start with <kbd>p</kbd>:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
--------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC p /</kbd> | run `ag`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p a</kbd> | run `ag`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p A</kbd> | run `ack`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p b</kbd> | switch to project buffer
|
|
<kbd>SPC p d</kbd> | find directory
|
|
<kbd>SPC p D</kbd> | open project root in `dired`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p f</kbd> | find file
|
|
<kbd>SPC p g</kbd> | run `grep`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p h</kbd> | find file using `helm`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p I</kbd> | invalidate the projectile cache
|
|
<kbd>SPC p j</kbd> | find a tag
|
|
<kbd>SPC p k</kbd> | kill all project buffers
|
|
<kbd>SPC p o</kbd> | run `multi-occur`
|
|
<kbd>SPC p R</kbd> | regenerate the project's [e|g]tags
|
|
<kbd>SPC p r</kbd> | replace a string
|
|
<kbd>SPC p s</kbd> | switch project
|
|
<kbd>SPC p t</kbd> | find tags
|
|
<kbd>SPC p T</kbd> | find test files
|
|
<kbd>SPC p v</kbd> | open project root in `vc-dir` or `magit`
|
|
|
|
## Registers
|
|
|
|
Access commands to the various registers start with `r`:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC r e</kbd> | show evil yank and named registers
|
|
<kbd>SPC r m</kbd> | show marks register
|
|
<kbd>SPC r r</kbd> | show helm register
|
|
<kbd>SPC r y</kbd> | show kill ring
|
|
|
|
## Errors handling
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [Flycheck][flycheck] to gives error feedback on the fly.
|
|
The checks are only performed at save time by default.
|
|
|
|
Errors management commands (star with `e`):
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC e c</kbd> | clear all errors
|
|
<kbd>SPC e f</kbd> | toggle flycheck
|
|
<kbd>SPC e l</kbd> | display the `flycheck` list of errors/warnings
|
|
<kbd>SPC e n</kbd> | go to the next error
|
|
<kbd>SPC e p</kbd> | go to the previous error
|
|
|
|
Custom fringe bitmaps:
|
|
|
|
Symbol | Description
|
|
:----------------------------------:|------------
|
|
![dot-error](img/dot-error.png) | Error
|
|
![dot-warning](img/dot-warning.png) | warning
|
|
![dot-info](img/dot-info.png) | Info
|
|
|
|
## Compiling
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` binds a few commands to support compiling a project.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
---------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC c c</kbd> | use `helm-make` via projectile
|
|
<kbd>SPC c C</kbd> | compile
|
|
<kbd>SPC c r</kbd> | recompile
|
|
|
|
## Modes
|
|
|
|
### Major Mode leader key
|
|
|
|
Key bindings specific to the current `major mode` start with <kbd>SPC m</kbd>.
|
|
For convenience a shortcut key called the major mode leader key is set by
|
|
default on <kbd>,</kbd> which saves one precious keystroke.
|
|
|
|
It is possible to change the major mode leader key by defining the variable
|
|
`dotspacemacs-major-mode-leader-key` in your `~/.spacemacs`. For example to
|
|
setup the key on tabulation:
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(setq-default dotspacemacs-major-mode-leader-key "<tab>")
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
### Helm
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` add `hjkl` navigation to `helm` buffers:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+h</kbd> | go to previous page
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+j</kbd> | go to previous item
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+k</kbd> | go to next item
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+l</kbd> | go to next page
|
|
|
|
### Ledger
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC m a</kbd> | add a transaction
|
|
<kbd>SPC m d</kbd> | delete current transaction
|
|
|
|
### Org
|
|
|
|
In `org`, [evil-org-mode][] is activated.
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
----------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC m a</kbd> | org-agenda
|
|
<kbd>SPC m A</kbd> | org-archive-subtree
|
|
<kbd>SPC m c</kbd> | org-capture
|
|
<kbd>SPC m C</kbd> | evil-org-recompute-clocks
|
|
<kbd>SPC m d</kbd> | org-deadline
|
|
<kbd>SPC m e</kbd> | org-export-dispatch
|
|
<kbd>SPC m i</kbd> | org-clock-in
|
|
<kbd>SPC m l</kbd> | evil-org-open-links
|
|
<kbd>SPC m m</kbd> | org-ctrl-c-ctrl-c
|
|
<kbd>SPC m o</kbd> | org-clock-out
|
|
<kbd>SPC m r</kbd> | org-refile
|
|
<kbd>SPC m s</kbd> | org-schedule
|
|
<kbd>SPC m t</kbd> | org-show-todo-tree
|
|
<kbd>gh</kbd> | outline-up-heading
|
|
<kbd>gj</kbd> | org-forward-heading-same-level
|
|
<kbd>gk</kbd> | org-backward-heading-same-level
|
|
<kbd>gl</kbd> | outline-next-visible-heading
|
|
<kbd>t</kbd> | org-todo
|
|
<kbd>T</kbd> | org-insert-todo-heading nil
|
|
<kbd>H</kbd> | org-beginning-of-line
|
|
<kbd>L</kbd> | org-end-of-line
|
|
<kbd>o</kbd> | always-insert-item
|
|
<kbd>O</kbd> | org-insert-heading
|
|
<kbd>$</kbd> | org-end-of-line
|
|
<kbd>^</kbd> | org-beginning-of-line
|
|
<kbd><</kbd> | org-metaleft
|
|
<kbd>></kbd> | org-metaright
|
|
<kbd>TAB</kbd> | org-cycle
|
|
<kbd>M-l</kbd> | org-metaright
|
|
<kbd>M-h</kbd> | org-metaleft
|
|
<kbd>M-k</kbd> | org-metaup
|
|
<kbd>M-j</kbd> | org-metadown
|
|
<kbd>M-L</kbd> | org-shiftmetaright
|
|
<kbd>M-H</kbd> | org-shiftmetaleft
|
|
<kbd>M-K</kbd> | org-shiftmetaup
|
|
<kbd>M-J</kbd> | org-shiftmetadown
|
|
<kbd>M-o</kbd> | org-insert-heading+org-metaright
|
|
<kbd>M-t</kbd> | org-insert-todo-heading nil+ org-metaright
|
|
|
|
### Python
|
|
|
|
Writing python code with spacemacs is supported by python contribution. Please see
|
|
[python contribution][python-contrib] documentation for detail.
|
|
|
|
### JavaScript
|
|
|
|
More featured JavaScript support is provided by the javascript contribution. Please see
|
|
[javascript contribution][javascript-contrib] documentation for detail.
|
|
|
|
### rcirc
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+j</kbd> | next item in command history
|
|
<kbd>CTRL+k</kbd> | previous item in command history
|
|
|
|
### HTML and CSS
|
|
|
|
HTML contribution provides support for editing HTML, CSS, Scss and Less files. Please see
|
|
[html contribution][html-contrib] documentation for detail.
|
|
|
|
# Emacs Server
|
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` starts a server at launch. This server is killed whenever you close
|
|
your Emacs windows.
|
|
|
|
## Connecting to the Emacs server
|
|
|
|
TODO
|
|
|
|
## Keeping the server alive
|
|
|
|
It is possible to keep the server alive when you close Emacs by setting the
|
|
variable `dotspacemacs-persistent-server` to `t` in your `~./spacemacs`.
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(setq-default dotspacemacs-persistent-server t)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
When this variable is set to `t`, the only way to quit Emacs _and_ kill the
|
|
server is to use the following bindings:
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
-------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
<kbd>SPC q q</kbd> | Quit Emacs and kill the server
|
|
<kbd>SPC q s</kbd> | Save the buffers, quit Emacs and kill the server
|
|
|
|
## Troubleshoot
|
|
|
|
### Loading fails
|
|
|
|
If during the first boot of Emacs nothing seems to happen or if the
|
|
installation seems to abort prematurely, you can check for an error message
|
|
by opening the `*Warning*` buffer:
|
|
|
|
C-x b warning RET
|
|
|
|
_('C-x b' means 'Ctrl + x then b' and 'RET' means 'return')_
|
|
|
|
Then you can copy/paste the error in a [Github issue][issues], thank you.
|
|
|
|
### I have no file ~/.spacemacs
|
|
|
|
You have to manually copy the `~/.emacs.d/core/templates/.spacemacs.template`
|
|
file to `~/.spacemacs`
|
|
|
|
# Tips
|
|
|
|
## evil-lisp-state as default state
|
|
|
|
To Make `lisp state` the default state in `Emacs Lisp` buffers, insert in
|
|
your `~/.spacemacs` the following snippet:
|
|
|
|
```elisp
|
|
(defun dotspacemacs/config ()
|
|
(add-hook 'emacs-lisp-mode-hook 'evil-lisp-state))
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
# Achievements
|
|
|
|
Achievements | Account
|
|
-----------------------------------------------------|------------------------
|
|
[First contribution][1st-contrib] | [trishume][]
|
|
[First contribution layer][1st-clayer] | [trishume][]
|
|
[First blog article on Spacemacs][1st-article] | [Wolfy87][]
|
|
[First contributed banner][1st-cbanner] | [chrisbarrett][]
|
|
[100th issue (PR)][100th-issue] | [danielwuz][]
|
|
[200th issue (question)][200th-issue] | [justrajdeep][]
|
|
[300th issue (PR)][300th-issue] | [danielwuz][]
|
|
[400th issue (PR)][400th-issue] | [CestDiego][]
|
|
[100th pull request][100th-PR] | [bru][]
|
|
[200th pull request][200th-PR] | [smt][]
|
|
PR gunner (8 PRs in a row) | [ralesi][]
|
|
100th star | [Jackneill][]
|
|
200th star | [jb55][]
|
|
400th star | [dbohdan][]
|
|
|
|
# Thank you
|
|
|
|
[Jokes aside](#using-configuration-layers), thank you Richard for this great
|
|
piece of software.
|
|
|
|
Thank you to all the contributors and the whole Emacs community from core
|
|
developers to elisp hackers!
|
|
|
|
[evil]: https://gitorious.org/evil/pages/Home
|
|
[evil-leader]: https://github.com/cofi/evil-leader
|
|
[RSI]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury
|
|
[sacha_guide]: http://sachachua.com/blog/2013/05/how-to-learn-emacs-a-hand-drawn-one-pager-for-beginners/
|
|
[use-package]: https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package
|
|
[keychords]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/KeyChord
|
|
[centered-cursor]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/centered-cursor-mode.el
|
|
[ace-jump]: https://github.com/winterTTr/ace-jump-mode
|
|
[helm]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm
|
|
[popwin]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/PopWin
|
|
[golden-ratio]: https://github.com/roman/golden-ratio.el
|
|
[solarized-theme]: https://github.com/bbatsov/solarized-emacs
|
|
[powerline]: https://github.com/milkypostman/powerline
|
|
[diminish]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/DiminishedModes
|
|
[auto-complete]: https://github.com/auto-complete
|
|
[auto-highlight]: https://github.com/emacsmirror/auto-highlight-symbol
|
|
[e-project]: https://github.com/jrockway/eproject
|
|
[projectile]: https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile
|
|
[sp]: https://github.com/Fuco1/smartparens
|
|
[ag]: https://github.com/ggreer/the_silver_searcher
|
|
[flycheck]: https://github.com/flycheck
|
|
[yasnippet]: https://github.com/capitaomorte/yasnippet
|
|
[expand-region]: https://github.com/magnars/expand-region.el
|
|
[multiple-cursors]: https://github.com/magnars/multiple-cursors.el
|
|
[keybindings]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/vimacs/blob/master/my-keybindings.el
|
|
[hswoop]: https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-swoop
|
|
[hcss]: https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-css-scss
|
|
[hyas]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm-c-yasnippet
|
|
[hthemes]: https://github.com/syohex/emacs-helm-themes
|
|
[projectile]: https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile
|
|
[hdescbinds]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm-descbinds
|
|
[hflyspell]: https://gist.github.com/cofi/3013327
|
|
[iedit]: https://github.com/tsdh/iedit
|
|
[evil-iedit-state]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/evil-iedit-state
|
|
[evil-indent-textobject]: https://github.com/cofi/evil-indent-textobject
|
|
[evil-visualstar]: https://github.com/bling/evil-visualstar
|
|
[evil-exchange]: https://github.com/Dewdrops/evil-exchange
|
|
[evil-surround]: https://github.com/timcharper/evil-surround
|
|
[camelcasemotion.vim]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1905
|
|
[vim-exchange]: https://github.com/tommcdo/vim-exchange
|
|
[vim-surround]: https://github.com/tpope/vim-surround
|
|
[evil-nerd-commenter]: https://github.com/redguardtoo/evil-nerd-commenter
|
|
[nerdcommenter]: https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdcommenter
|
|
[evil-matchit]: https://github.com/redguardtoo/evil-matchit
|
|
[matchit.vim]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=39
|
|
[source code pro]: https://github.com/adobe-fonts/source-code-pro
|
|
[evil-escape]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/evil-escape
|
|
[evil-args]: https://github.com/wcsmith/evil-args
|
|
[evil-jumper]: https://github.com/bling/evil-jumper
|
|
[evil-numbers]: https://github.com/cofi/evil-numbers
|
|
[evil-org-mode]: https://github.com/edwtjo/evil-org-mode
|
|
[evil-lisp-state]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/evil-lisp-state
|
|
[git-gutter]: https://github.com/syohex/emacs-git-gutter-fringe
|
|
[nose]: https://github.com/nose-devs/nose/
|
|
[nose.el]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/nose.el
|
|
[pylookup]: https://github.com/tsgates/pylookup
|
|
[jedi]: https://github.com/tkf/emacs-jedi
|
|
[ess-R-object-popup]: https://github.com/myuhe/ess-R-object-popup.el
|
|
[ess-R-data-view]: https://github.com/myuhe/ess-R-data-view.el
|
|
[leuven-theme]: https://github.com/fniessen/emacs-leuven-theme
|
|
[monokai-theme]: https://github.com/oneKelvinSmith/monokai-emacs
|
|
[zenburn-theme]: https://github.com/bbatsov/zenburn-emacs
|
|
[ido-vertical-mode]: https://github.com/gempesaw/ido-vertical-mode.el
|
|
[issues]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/issues
|
|
[vundle]: https://github.com/gmarik/Vundle.vim
|
|
[anzu]: https://github.com/syohex/emacs-anzu
|
|
[javascript-contrib]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/tree/master/contrib/lang/javascript
|
|
[themes-megapack]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/tree/master/contrib/themes-megapack
|
|
[python-contrib]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/tree/master/contrib/lang/python
|
|
[html-contrib]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/tree/master/contrib/lang/html
|
|
[guide-key]: https://github.com/kai2nenobu/guide-key
|
|
[guide-key-tip]: https://github.com/aki2o/guide-key-tip
|
|
[gitter]: https://gitter.im/syl20bnr/spacemacs
|
|
[CONTRIBUTE.md]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/blob/master/doc/CONTRIBUTE.md
|
|
[neotree]: https://github.com/jaypei/emacs-neotree
|
|
[nerdtree]: https://github.com/scrooloose/nerdtree
|
|
[anaconda-mode]: https://github.com/proofit404/anaconda-mode
|
|
[1st-contrib]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/19
|
|
[1st-clayer]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/commit/e802027d75d0c0aed55539b0da2dfa0df94dfd39
|
|
[1st-article]: http://oli.me.uk/2014/11/06/spacemacs-emacs-vim/
|
|
[1st-cbanner]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/commit/7b44a56263049482ed540ed6815a295633ffe9d1
|
|
[100th-issue]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/100
|
|
[200th-issue]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/200
|
|
[300th-issue]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/300
|
|
[400th-issue]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/400
|
|
[100th-PR]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/228
|
|
[200th-PR]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/pull/418
|
|
[trishume]:https://github.com/trishume
|
|
[Wolfy87]:https://github.com/Wolfy87
|
|
[danielwuz]:https://github.com/danielwuz
|
|
[CestDiego]:https://github.com/CestDiego
|
|
[chrisbarrett]:https://github.com/chrisbarrett
|
|
[justrajdeep]:https://github.com/justrajdeep
|
|
[dbohdan]:https://github.com/dbohdan
|
|
[bru]:https://github.com/bru
|
|
[smt]:https://github.com/smt
|
|
[ralesi]:https://github.com/ralesi
|
|
[Jackneill]:https://github.com/Jackneill
|
|
[jb55]:https://github.com/jb55
|
|
[use-package]: https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package
|
|
[Paradox]: https://github.com/Bruce-Connor/paradox
|
|
[fancy-battery]: https://github.com/lunaryorn/fancy-battery.el
|
|
[MacType]: https://code.google.com/p/mactype/
|