404 lines
16 KiB
Org Mode
404 lines
16 KiB
Org Mode
#+TITLE: Spacemacs Conventions
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* Table of Contents :TOC_4_gh:noexport:
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- [[#code-guidelines][Code guidelines]]
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- [[#spacemacs-core-and-layer][Spacemacs core and layer]]
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- [[#all-layers][All layers]]
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- [[#use-package][Use-package]]
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- [[#key-bindings-conventions][Key bindings conventions]]
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- [[#reserved-prefix][Reserved prefix]]
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- [[#user-prefix][User prefix]]
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- [[#major-mode-prefix][Major mode prefix]]
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- [[#transient-state][Transient-state]]
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- [[#evilified-buffers][Evilified buffers]]
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- [[#navigation][Navigation]]
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- [[#n-and-n][n and N]]
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- [[#code-navigation][Code Navigation]]
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- [[#insert-state-buffers][=insert state= buffers]]
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- [[#confirm-and-abort][Confirm and Abort]]
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- [[#evaluation][Evaluation]]
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- [[#repls][REPLs]]
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- [[#send-code][Send code]]
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- [[#in-terminal][In terminal]]
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- [[#building-and-compilation][Building and Compilation]]
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- [[#debugging][Debugging]]
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- [[#errors][Errors]]
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- [[#plain-text-markup-languages][Plain Text Markup Languages]]
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- [[#headers][Headers]]
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- [[#insertion-of-common-elements][Insertion of common elements]]
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- [[#text-manipulation][Text manipulation]]
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- [[#movement-in-normal-mode][Movement in normal mode]]
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- [[#promotion-demotion-and-element-movement][Promotion, Demotion and element movement]]
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- [[#table-editing][Table editing]]
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- [[#tests][Tests]]
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- [[#all-languages][All languages]]
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- [[#language-specific][Language specific]]
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- [[#toggles][Toggles]]
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- [[#refactoring][Refactoring]]
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- [[#code-formatting][Code Formatting]]
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- [[#web-frameworks][Web frameworks]]
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- [[#help-or-documentation][Help or Documentation]]
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- [[#writing-documentation][Writing documentation]]
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- [[#spacing-in-documentation][Spacing in documentation]]
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* Code guidelines
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** Spacemacs core and layer
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Function names follow these conventions:
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- =spacemacs/xxx= is an interactive function called =xxx=
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- =spacemacs//xxx= is a private function called =xxx= (implementation details)
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- =spacemacs|xxx= is a /macro/ called =xxx=
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Variables follow these conventions:
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- =spacemacs-xxx= is a variable
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- =spacemacs--xxx= is a private variable (implementation details)
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** All layers
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A package is initialized in a function with name =<layer>/init-xxx= where:
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- =<layer>= is the layer name
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- =xxx= is the package name
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** Use-package
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- Always use =progn= when a code block requires multiple lines for =:init= or
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=:config= keywords.
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- If there is only one line of code then try to keep =:init= or =:config=
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keywords on the same line.
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- Don’t nest multiple =use-package= calls unless you have a very good reason
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to do it.
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* Key bindings conventions
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** Reserved prefix
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*** User prefix
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~SPC o~ and ~SPC m o~ must not be used by any layer. They are reserved for the
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user.
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*** Major mode prefix
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~SPC m~ is reserved for the current major mode. Three keys bindings are not an
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issue (ie. ~SPC m h d~) since ~SPC m~ can be accessed via ~,~.
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*** Transient-state
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Whenever possible a transient-state should be enabled with ~M-SPC~ and ~s-M-SPC~. We
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need the latter bindings on OS X since ~M-SPC~ is used by the OS for spotlight.
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For instance transient-states dedicated to special buffers like =helm= or =ido=
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buffers are good candidates to be put on ~M-SPC~ and ~s-M-SPC~.
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It is recommended to add ~q~ to leave the transient-state.
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** Evilified buffers
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/Evilifying/ a buffer is to set the =evilified state= as the default
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state for the major mode of the buffer.
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The =evilified state= is derived from the =emacs state= and modify the
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map to:
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- add ~hjkl~ navigation
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- add scrolling feature on ~C-f~, ~C-b~, ~C-d~ and ~C-u~
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- ~G~ and ~gg~ to go to the end and beginning of the buffer
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- add incremental search with ~/~, ~n~ and ~N~
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- enabling =evil-ex= on ~:~
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- add =visual state= and =visual line state= on ~v~ and ~V~
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- add yank on ~y~ _in visual state only_
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- activate evil-leader key on ~SPC~
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Setting the =evilified state= to a mode is done by calling the macro
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=evilified-state-evilify-map=.
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/Evilification/ rebinds shadowed key bindings according to the following
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rules:
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- alphabetic key bindings: ~x~ -> ~X~ -> ~C-x~ -> ~C-X~
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- ~SPC~ -> ~'~
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- ~/~ -> ~\~
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- ~:~ -> ~|~
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- ~C-g~ cannot be shadowed
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If a key binding cannot be remapped then it is ignored and a warning message
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is displayed in =*Messages*=.
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** Navigation
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*** n and N
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To be consistent with the Vim way, ~n~ and ~N~ are favored over Emacs ~n~ and
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~p~.
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Ideally a transient-state should be provided to smooth the navigation
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experience. A transient-state allows to repeat key bindings without entering
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each time the prefix commands. More info on transient-states in the
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[[https://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/blob/develop/doc/DOCUMENTATION.org#transient-states][documentation]].
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*** Code Navigation
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The prefix for going to something is ~SPC m g~.
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| Key | Description |
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|---------+-------------------------------------------------|
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| ~m g a~ | go to alternate file (i.e. =.h <--> .cpp=) |
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| ~m g b~ | go back to previous location (before last jump) |
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| ~m g g~ | go to things under point |
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| ~m g G~ | go to things under point in other window |
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| ~m g t~ | go to corresponding test file if any |
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| ~m g u~ | go/find usage of thing under point |
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*** =insert state= buffers
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Navigation in buffers like =Helm= and =ido= which are in =insert state=
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should be performed with ~C-j~ and ~C-k~ bindings for vertical movements.
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| Key | Description |
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|-------+-------------|
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| ~C-j~ | go down |
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| ~C-k~ | go up |
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** Confirm and Abort
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Confirming and aborting actions which are bound to ~C-c C-c~ and ~C-c C-k~
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in raw Emacs are mirrored in Spacemacs to:
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| Key | Description |
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|-------------------------+---------------------------|
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| ~SPC m ,~ and ~SPC m c~ | Valid/Confirm the message |
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| ~SPC m a~ and ~SPC m k~ | Abort/Discard the message |
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Some example of these modes are =magit= commit messages, =message-mode= for
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mails or =org-mode= notes.
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** Evaluation
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Live evaluation of code is under the prefix ~SPC m e~.
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| Key | Description |
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|---------+-----------------------------------------------|
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| ~m e $~ | put point at the end of the line and evaluate |
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| ~m e b~ | evaluate buffer |
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| ~m e e~ | evaluate last expression |
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| ~m e f~ | evaluate function |
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| ~m e l~ | evaluate line |
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| ~m e r~ | evaluate region |
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** REPLs
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*** Send code
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A lot of languages can interact with a REPL. To help keeping a
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consistent behavior between those languages the following conventions
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should be followed:
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- ~SPC m s~ is the prefix for sending code. This allows fast interaction with
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the REPL whenever it is possible
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- lower case key bindings keep the focus on the current buffer
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- upper case key bindings move the focus to the REPL buffer
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| Key | Description |
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|---------+--------------------------------------------------------------|
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| ~m s b~ | send buffer |
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| ~m s B~ | send buffer and switch to REPL |
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| ~m s d~ | first key to send buffer and switch to REPL to debug (step) |
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| ~m s D~ | second key to send buffer and switch to REPL to debug (step) |
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| ~m s f~ | send function |
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| ~m s F~ | send function and switch to REPL |
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| ~m s i~ | start/switch to REPL inferior process |
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| ~m s l~ | send line |
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| ~m s L~ | send line and switch to REPL |
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| ~m s r~ | send region |
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| ~m s R~ | send region and switch to REPL |
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Note: we don’t distinguish between the file and the buffer.
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*** In terminal
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History navigation in shells or REPLs buffers should be bound as well to
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~C-j~ and ~C-k~.
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| Key | Description |
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|-------+----------------------------|
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| ~C-j~ | next item in history |
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| ~C-k~ | previous item in history |
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| ~C-l~ | clear screen |
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| ~C-r~ | search backward in history |
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** Building and Compilation
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The base prefix for major mode specific compilation is ~SPC m c~.
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+-------------------|
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| ~m c b~ | compile buffer |
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| ~m c c~ | compile |
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| ~m c C~ | clean |
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| ~m c r~ | clean and compile |
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Note: we don’t distinguish between the file and the buffer. We can
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implement an auto-save of the buffer before compiling the buffer.
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** Debugging
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The base prefix for debugging commands is ~SPC m d~.
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+-------------------------|
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| ~m d a~ | abandon current process |
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| ~m d b~ | toggle a breakpoint |
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| ~m d B~ | clear all breakpoints |
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| ~m d c~ | continue |
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| ~m d d~ | start debug session |
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| ~m d i~ | step in |
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| ~m d l~ | local variables |
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| ~m d o~ | step out |
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| ~m d r~ | run |
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| ~m d s~ | next step |
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| ~m d v~ | inspect value at point |
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Notes:
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- Ideally a transient-state for breakpoint navigation should be provided.
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- If there is no toggle breakpoint function, then it should be implemented at
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the spacemacs level and ideally the function should be proposed as a patch
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upstream (major mode repository).
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** Errors
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Management of errors should be put under ~SPC m E~.
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+-------------------------------------|
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| ~m E e~ | fix error around point |
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| ~m E l~ | show errors |
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| ~m E L~ | show errors and jump to errors list |
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** Plain Text Markup Languages
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For layers supporting markup languages please follow the following
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keybindings whenever applicable.
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*** Headers
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All header functionality should be grouped under ~SPC m h~
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+--------------------------------------------------|
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| ~m h i~ | Insert a header |
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| ~m h I~ | Insert a header alternative method (if existing) |
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| ~m h 1..10~ | Insert a header of level 1..10 (if possible) |
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*** Insertion of common elements
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Insertion of common elements like links or footnotes should be grouped
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under ~SPC m i~
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+------------------|
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| ~m i f~ | Insert footnote |
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| ~m i i~ | Insert image |
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| ~m i l~ | Insert link |
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| ~m i u~ | Insert url |
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| ~m i w~ | Insert wiki-link |
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*** Text manipulation
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Manipulation of text regions should be grouped under ~SPC m x~
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+-------------------------------|
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| ~m x b~ | Make region bold |
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| ~m x c~ | Make region code |
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| ~m x i~ | Make region italic |
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| ~m x q~ | Quote a region |
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| ~m x r~ | Remove formatting from region |
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| ~m x s~ | Make region strike-through |
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| ~m x u~ | Make region underlined |
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| ~m x v~ | Make region verbose |
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*** Movement in normal mode
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In normal mode Vim style movement should be enabled with these key bindings:
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+----------------------------------------|
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| ~g h~ | Move up one level in headings |
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| ~g j~ | Move to next heading on same level |
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| ~g k~ | Move to previous heading on same level |
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| ~g l~ | Move down one level in headings |
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*** Promotion, Demotion and element movement
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Promotion, demotion and movement of headings or list elements (whatever is
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possible) should be enabled with the following keys when in Vim style or
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Hybrid with hjkl movements enabled:
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+------------------------------|
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| ~M-h~ | Promote heading by one level |
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| ~M-j~ | Move element down |
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| ~M-k~ | Move element up |
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| ~M-l~ | Demote heading by one level |
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In all editing styles promotion and demotion can be done with the following
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keys:
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+------------------------------|
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| ~M-down~ | Move element down |
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| ~M-left~ | Promote heading by one level |
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| ~M-right~ | Demote heading by one level |
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| ~M-up~ | Move element up |
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*** Table editing
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If table specific commands are available the they are grouped under the
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~SPC m t~ group.
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** Tests
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A lot of languages have their own test frameworks. These frameworks
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share common actions that we can unite under the same key bindings:
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- ~SPC m t~ is the prefix for test execution.
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- ~SPC m t g~ is the prefix for test generation.
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- ~SPC m t X~ is used to execute ~SPC m t x~ but in debug mode (if supported).
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*** All languages
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| Key | Description |
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|---------+--------------------------------------------------------------|
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| ~m t a~ | execute all the tests of the current project |
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| ~m t A~ | execute all the tests of the current project in debug |
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| ~m t b~ | execute all the tests of the current buffer |
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| ~m t B~ | execute all the tests of the current buffer in debug |
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| ~m t t~ | execute the current test (thing at point, function) |
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| ~m t T~ | execute the current test in debug (thing at point, function) |
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Note: we don’t distinguish between the file and the buffer. We can
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implement an auto-save of the buffer before executing the tests of
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buffer.
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*** Language specific
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| Key | Description |
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|---------+--------------------------------------------------|
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| ~m t m~ | execute the tests of the current module |
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| ~m t M~ | execute the tests of the current module in debug |
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| ~m t s~ | execute the tests of the current suite |
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| ~m t S~ | execute the tests of the current suite in debug |
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Note that there are overlaps, depending on the language we will choose
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one or more bindings for the same thing
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** Toggles
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- Global toggles are under ~SPC t~, ~SPC T~ and ~SPC C-t~
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- Major mode toggles are only under ~SPC m T~
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** Refactoring
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Refactoring prefix is ~SPC m r~.
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** Code Formatting
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Major-mode code formatting is under prefix ~SPC m =~.
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| Key binding | Description |
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|-------------+--------------------------|
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| ~m = =~ | format thing under point |
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| ~m = b~ | format current buffer |
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| ~m = f~ | format current function |
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** Web frameworks
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Web frameworks key bindings should go under ~SPC m f~.
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** Help or Documentation
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The base prefix for help commands is ~SPC m h~. Documentation is considered
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as an help command.
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| Key | Description |
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|---------+------------------------------------|
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| ~m h h~ | documentation of thing under point |
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| ~m h r~ | documentation of selected region |
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* Writing documentation
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Spacemacs provides an example layer =README.org= file in
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=~/.emacs.d/core/templates/README.org.template=.
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** Spacing in documentation
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- Spacemacs tries to keep the documentation consistent between all layers by
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providing some rules for spacing:
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- After each header, you should not add an empty line
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- *Exception*: If the first item under the header is a table, add an empty
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line after it
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- At the end of each header node, there should be an empty line
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- Note: Many layer =READMEs= do not follow this convention yet. Please fix
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them if you can.
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- To keep things readable only mention the prefix ~SPC~ when documenting
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key bindings, you don’t need to mention ~M-m~.
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