spacemacs/README.md

# Spacemacs Starter Kit

    ┏━━━┓
    ┃┏━┓┃ Welcome to
    ┃┗━━┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓╋╋╋╋┏┓┏┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓╋╋╋╋┏━━┓ b
    ┗━━┓┃┏━━┓┃┏┓┃┏━━┓┃┏┓┃┏━━┓┃┏━┛┏━━┓┃┃━┫┏━━┓┃┗┛┃┏━━┓┃┏┓┃┏━━┓┃┏━┛┏━━┓┃━━┫ e
    ┃┗━┛┃┗━━┛┃┗┛┃┗━━┛┃┏┓┃┗━━┛┃┗━┓┗━━┛┃┃━┫┗━━┛┃┃┃┃┗━━┛┃┏┓┃┗━━┛┃┗━┓┗━━┛┣━━┃ t
    ┗━━━┛╋╋╋╋┃┏━┛╋╋╋╋┗┛┗┛╋╋╋╋┗━━┛╋╋╋╋┗━━┛╋╋╋╋┗┻┻┛╋╋╋╋┗┛┗┛╋╋╋╋┗━━┛╋╋╋╋┗━━┛ a
    ╋╋╋╋╋╋╋╋╋┃┃[The best editor is neither Emacs nor Vim, it's Emacs+Vim]
    ╋╋╋╋╋╋╋╋╋┗┛


**Quick Install:**

    git clone --recursive http://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs .emacs.d

<!-- markdown-toc start - Don't edit this section. Run M-x markdown-toc/generate-toc again -->
**Table of Contents**

- [Spacemacs Starter Kit](#spacemacs-starter-kit)
    - [Goals](#goals)
    - [Screenshots](#screenshots)
    - [Who can benefit from this ?](#who-can-benefit-from-this-)
    - [Install](#install)
    - [Configuration layers](#configuration-layers)
    - [Contributions](#contributions)
    - [Main principles](#main-principles)
    - [UI and syntax highlighting](#ui-and-syntax-highlighting)
    - [Commands](#commands)
        - [Return to normal mode](#return-to-normal-mode)
        - [Executing Vim and Emacs commands](#executing-vim-and-emacs-commands)
        - [Key bindings help](#key-bindings-help)
        - [Included Evil plugins](#included-evil-plugins)
        - [About helm](#about-helm)
        - [Navigation](#navigation)
            - [Point/Cursor](#pointcursor)
            - [Vim motions with ace-jump mode](#vim-motions-with-ace-jump-mode)
            - [Buffers and Files](#buffers-and-files)
            - [Bookmarks](#bookmarks)
        - [Window manipulation](#window-manipulation)
        - [Text manipulation commands](#text-manipulation-commands)
        - [Spell checking](#spell-checking)
        - [Region selection](#region-selection)
        - [Region narrowing](#region-narrowing)
        - [Auto highlight](#auto-highlight)
        - [Color theme](#color-theme)
        - [UI elements](#ui-elements)
            - [Mode-line](#mode-line)
            - [Toggles](#toggles)
        - [Minor Modes](#minor-modes)
        - [Line formatting](#line-formatting)
        - [Errors handling](#errors-handling)
        - [Project management](#project-management)
        - [Modes](#modes)
            - [Helm](#helm)
            - [Erlang](#erlang)
            - [Ledger](#ledger)
            - [Lisp](#lisp)
            - [Magit](#magit)
            - [Org](#org)
            - [Perforce](#perforce)
            - [Python](#python)
                - [Inferior REPL process](#inferior-repl-process)
                - [Testing in Python](#testing-in-python)
                - [Other Python commands](#other-python-commands)
            - [R (ESS)](#r-ess)
                - [Inferior REPL process](#inferior-repl-process)
                - [Other R commands](#other-r-commands)
            - [rcirc](#rcirc)
    - [Troubleshoot](#troubleshoot)
        - [Marmalade repository is down](#marmalade-repository-is-down)
    - [TODO list](#todo-list)

<!-- markdown-toc end -->

## Goals

- The main goal of `Spacemacs` is to **bring the power of Vim modal editing
to the powerful Emacs editing platform**.

- Slick integration with Evil states/Vi modes, tries as much as possible to
**keep your fingers on the home row**, no matter the mode you are in.

- **Lower the risk of RSI**, your hands will thank `Spacemacs`.

- **Community driven configuration** based on a configuration layer system
*(work in progress)*. Contribute your own personal layer upstream and
everybody can use it.

- **Minimalistic and nice custom UI**, keep your available screen space for
what matters: your text files.

- Hopefully, if it's not already the case: make you love modal editing :-)

## Screenshots

![src_startup](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/spacemacs_startup.png)
![scr_python](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/spacemacs.png)

*Note: Even though screenshots are updated frequently, `Spacemacs` is evolving
quickly and the screenshots may not reflect exactly the current state of the
project.*

## Who can benefit from this ?

`Spacemacs` is first intended to be used by **Vim users** who want to go to the
next level by using Emacs.

It is also a good fit for people wanting to **lower the [risk of RSI][RSI]**
induced by the default Emacs key bindings. 

People wanting to learn **a different way to edit files** or wanting to learn
Vim key bindings.

As a note side, if you are a programmer and you don't know Vim key bindings
yet, I deeply recommend you to learn the basics as recommended in
[Sacha Chua's one-page guide][sacha_guide] about how to learn Emacs.

## Install

`Spacemacs` is tested with `Emacs 24.3.1` on `Ubuntu 14.04`, `Mac OS X 10.10`,
`Windows 7`.

Backup your current `.emacs.d`, clone the repo. _with the submodules_ and
you are good to go:

    cd ~
    mv .emacs.d .emacs.bak
    git clone --recursive http://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs .emacs.d

## Configuration layers

**work in progress**

## Contributions

`Spacemacs` leverages the configuration layers in order to make it possible for
you to share your own layer with other `Spacemacs` users.

**The contribution system is a work in progress**

Anyway, pull requests are welcome for all parts of `Spacemacs`.

## Main principles

`Spacemacs` uses the [evil][evil] mode to emulate Vim key bindings. It is a
very complete emulation (the most complete I've seen yet).

`Spacemacs` heavily uses the [evil-leader][evil-leader] mode which brings the
Vim leader key to the Emacs world.

This leader key is commonly set to `,` by Vim users, in `Spacemacs` the leader
key is set on `SPC` (space bar, this is why the name `spacemacs`). This key is
the most accessible key on a keyboard and it is pressed with the thumb which is
a good choice to lower the risk of [RSI][RSI].

So with `Spacemacs` there is no need to remap your keyboard modifiers to
attempt to reduce the risk of RSI, every command can be executed very easily
while you are in `normal` mode by pressing the `SPC` leader key, here are a
few examples:

- Save a buffer: `<SPC> f s`
- Save all opened buffers: `<SPC> f S`
- Open (switch) to a buffer with `helm`: `<SPC> b s`

## UI and syntax highlighting

`Spacemacs` has a minimalistic and distraction free UI with a lot of subtle
customizations which make it unique compared to other Emacs kits:
 - custom [powerline][powerline] mode-line [with color feedback](#mode-line)
 according to current [Flycheck][flycheck] status
 - unicode symbols for minor mode lighters which appear in the mode-line
 - [custom fringe bitmaps](#errors-handling) and error feedbacks for
 [Flycheck][flycheck]
 - custom fringe bitmaps for [git gutter][git-gutter].
 - dedicated startup page with a mode aimed at easily managing `Spacemacs`

`Spacemacs` syntax highlighting is also different from the majority of other
Emacs configurations: instead of colorized keywords, `Spacemacs` has *colorized
variables and functions* using the [rainbow identifiers][rainbow-identifiers]
mode. Each variable and function has a unique color associated to it.

## Commands

Every sequences must be performed in `normal` mode.

### Return to normal mode

`ESC` is the default key to return to normal mode. This is one of the main
design flaw in Vim key bindings because the `ESC` key is very far from the
home row.

The popular way to avoid this is to replace `ESC` by `jj` pressed rapidly.
`Spacemacs` proposes to press `fd` instead and reserves the zone around `j`
for text reformatting.

`fd` also works to quit the minibuffer.

**Note:** For those who know about [keychords.el][keychords] mode. This mode is
not used to return to the normal mode, the reason for this is latency and the
fact that keychords wants you to press several keys at almost the same time
which is something very difficult to master correctly on a keyboard.
`Spacemacs` has a special function called `fd-trigger` to handle the `fd` key
sequence and fix the above keychords issues.

### Executing Vim and Emacs commands

Vim commands are executed as usual with the `:` key.

To execute an Emacs command press `<SPC>` (space) before:

    <SPC> :

### Key bindings help

A list of all the key bindings can be accessed by pressing:

    <SPC> ?

To narrow the list to `Spacemacs` specific key bindings set the pattern to `SPC`

### Included Evil plugins

`Spacemacs` ships with the following evil plugins:

                 Mode                   |                          Description
----------------------------------------|--------------------------------------
[evil-leader][evil-leader]              | vim leader that bring a new layer of keys in normal mode
[evil-little-word][evil-plugin01]       | port of [camelcasemotion.vim][vim-plugin01]
[evil-operator-comment][evil-plugin01]  | comment/uncomment with `CC`
[evil-visualstar][evil-plugin03]        | search for current selection with `*`
[evil-exchange][evil-plugin05]          | port of [vim-exchange][vim-plugin04]
[surround][evil-plugin04]               | port of [surround.vim][vim-plugin03]

### About helm

`Spacemacs` tries to use [helm][helm] as much as possible.
[helm][helm] is coupled to [popwin][popwin] so `helm` window always appears in
a new temporary windows at the bottom.

The following `helm` modes are installed with `Spacemacs`:

Key Binding | Mode                                    | Description
------------|-----------------------------------------|------------------------
`<SPC> h s` | [helm-swoop][hswoop]                    | search for occurrences within a file and edit the result
`<SPC> h c` | [helm-css-scss][hcss]                   | for quick navigation in CSS
`<SPC> h y` | [helm-c-yasnippet][hyas]                | select snippets
`<SPC> h t` | [helm-themes][hthemes]                  | select a theme
`<SPC> p f` | [helm-projectile][projectile]           | select files within a projectile project
`<SPC> ?`   | [helm-descbinds][hdescbinds]            | show key bindings
`<SPC> s c` | [cofi/helm-flyspell-correct][hflyspell] | choose a corrected word

### Navigation

#### Point/Cursor

Navigation is performed using the Vi key bindings `hjkl`.

Key Binding |                 Description
------------|------------------------------------------------------------------
`h`         | move cursor left
`j`         | move cursor down
`k`         | move cursor up
`l`         | move cursor right
`H`         | move quickly up (10 lines at a time)
`L`         | move quickly down (10 lines at a time)
`<SPC> j h` | go to the beginning of line (and set a mark at the previous location in the line)
`<SPC> j l` | go to the end of line (and set a mark at the previous location in the line)
`<SPC> z z` | lock the cursor at the center of the screen 

#### Vim motions with ace-jump mode

`Spacemacs` uses the `evil` integration of [ace-jump mode][ace-jump] which
enables the invocation of `ace-jump-mode` during motions.

It is useful for deleting visually a set of lines, try the following sequence
in a buffer containing some text:

    d <SPC> l

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|------------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> <SPC>` | initiate ace jump char mode
`<SPC> l`     | initiate ace jump line mode
``<SPC> ```   | go back to the previous location (before the jump)

#### Buffers and Files

`Spacemacs` uses `ido` for opening files since `ido` way to navigate
the file system is better than `helm` in my opinion (especially because `ido` can
remember the last selected directories and buffers, maybe helm can do this ?).
`ido` is also used to kill buffers.

Buffer manipulation commands (start with `b`):

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> b d`   | delete the current buffer (beware the associated file is also deleted)
`<SPC> b k`   | kill the current buffer
`<SPC> b K`   | kill all buffers except the current one
`<SPC> b m h` | move a buffer to the left
`<SPC> b m j` | move a buffer to the bottom
`<SPC> b m k` | move a buffer to the top
`<SPC> b m l` | move a buffer to the right
`<SPC> b n`   | switch to next buffer
`<SPC> b p`   | switch to previous buffer
`<SPC> b r`   | rename the current buffer
`<SPC> b s`   | switch to a buffer using `helm`
`<SPC> b w`   | toggle read-only

Files manipulation commands (start with `f`):

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> f f`   | open a file using `ido`
`<SPC> f i`   | open your `init.el` file
`<SPC> f s`   | save a file
`<SPC> f S`   | save all files
`<SPC> f y`   | show current file absolute path in the mini buffer

#### Bookmarks

Bookmarks can be set anywhere in a file. Bookmarks are persistent. They are very
useful to jump to/open a known project. `Spacemacs` used `helm-bookmarks` to
manage them.

Open an `helm` window with the current bookmarks by pressing:

    <SPC> h b

Then in the `helm-bookmarks` buffer:

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`CTRL+d`      | delete the selected bookmark
`CTRL+e`      | edit the selected bookmark
`CTRL+f`      | toggle filename location
`CTRL+o`      | open the selected bookmark in another window

To save a new bookmark, just type the name of the bookmark and press `RET`.

### Window manipulation

Split windows are dynamically resized depending on whether they are selected or
not. Resizing is performed by the [golden-ratio][golden-ratio] mode.

Every window has a number displayed at the start of the mode-line and can
be quickly accessed using `<SPC> number`.

Key Binding   |                    Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> 1`     | go to first window
`<SPC> 2`     | go to window number 2
`<SPC> 3`     | go to window number 3
`<SPC> 4`     | go to window number 4
`<SPC> 5`     | go to window number 5
`<SPC> 6`     | go to window number 6
`<SPC> 7`     | go to window number 7
`<SPC> 8`     | go to window number 8
`<SPC> 9`     | go to window number 9
`<SPC> 0`     | go to window number 10

Windows manipulation commands (start with `w`):

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> w b`   | split a window horizontally
`<SPC> w c`   | close a window
`<SPC> w d`   | toggle window dedication (dedicated window cannot be used by a mode)
`<SPC> w H`   | move window to the left
`<SPC> w J`   | move window to the bottom
`<SPC> w K`   | move window to the top
`<SPC> w L`   | move window to the right
`<SPC> w m`   | maximize/minimize a window
`<SPC> w M`   | maximize/minimize a window, when maximized the buffer is centered
`<SPC> w p`   | close the current sticky popup window
`<SPC> w r`   | rotate windows clockwise
`<SPC> w R`   | rotate windows counter-clockwise
`<SPC> w u`   | undo window layout (used to effectively undo a close window)
`<SPC> w U`   | redo window layout
`<SPC> w v`   | split a window vertically
`<SPC> w w`   | cycle and focus between windows

### Text manipulation commands

Text related commands (start with `x`):

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> x +`       | increase text font size
`<SPC> x -`       | decrease text font size
`<SPC> x =`       | reset text font size
`<SPC> x u`       | set the selected text to lower case
`<SPC> x U`       | set the selected text to upper case
`<SPC> x d w`     | delete trailing whitespaces
`<SPC> x g l`     | set languages used by translate commands
`<SPC> x g t`     | translate current word using Google Translate
`<SPC> x g T`     | reverse source and target languages
`<SPC> x m j`     | move down a line of text
`<SPC> x m k`     | move up a line of text
`<SPC> x t c`     | swap (transpose) the current character with the previous one
`<SPC> x t w`     | swap (transpose) the current word with the previous one
`<SPC> x t l`     | swap (transpose) the current line with the previous one
`<SPC> x w c`     | count the number of words in the selection region
`<SPC> x w C`     | count the number of occurrences per word in the select region

### Spell checking

Spell checking commands start with `s`:

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> s c`       | list of corrections in a `helm` buffer
`<SPC> s d`       | change dictionary language
`<SPC> s n`       | go to the next spell check error


### Region selection

Vi `Visual` modes are all supported by `evil`, `Spacemacs` adds another
`Visual` mode via the [expand-region][expand-region] mode.

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> v`     | initiate expand-region mode then...
`v`           | expand the region by one semantic unit
`V`           | contract the region by one semantic unit
`r`           | reset the region to initial selection
`ESC`         | leave expand-region mode

### Region narrowing

The displayed text of a buffer can be narrowed with the commands
(start with `n`):

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> n f`   | narrow the buffer to the current function
`<SPC> n p`   | narrow the buffer to the visible page
`<SPC> n r`   | narrow the buffer to the selected text
`<SPC> n w`   | widen, i.e show the whole buffer again

### Auto highlight

`Spacemacs` supports auto highlighting of the current word (provided by the
 [auto-highlight-symbol][auto-highlight] mode).

Key Binding   |                 Description
--------------|----------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> h e`   | edit all occurrences of the current word
`<SPC> h n`   | go to next occurrence
`<SPC> h p`   | go to previous occurrence
`<SPC> t h`   | toggle the auto highlighting

### Color theme

By default, `Spacemacs` uses the theme [Solarized][solarized-theme].

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> c t`       | cycle between `Spacemacs` themes
`<SPC> h t`       | select a theme using a `helm` buffer

`Spacemacs` available themes:
- [Solarized][solarized-theme]
- [Monokai][monokai-theme]
- [Zenburn][zenburn-theme]

### UI elements

#### Mode-line

The mode line is a [powerline][powerline] customized to show the window
number and the colorized Evil current state.

The color codes for modes are:

   Evil State     |       Color
------------------|------------------
Normal            | Orange
Insert            | Green
Visual            | Grey
Emacs             | Red
Motion            | Purple

When [Flycheck][flycheck] minor mode is enabled, the mode line color changes
according to the current flycheck state:

![flycheck-error](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/flycheck-error.png)
![flycheck-warning](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/flycheck-warning.png)
![flycheck-info](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/flycheck-info.png)

#### Toggles

Some UI indicators can be toggled on and off (toggles start with `t`):

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> t 8`       | display a mark on the 80th column
`<SPC> t f`       | toggle display of the fringe
`<SPC> t n`       | show the absolute line numbers

### Minor Modes

`Spacemacs` uses [diminish][diminish] mode to reduce the size of minor mode
indicators:

The minor mode area can be toggled on and off with:

    <SPC> t m

   Lighter   |                              Mode
-------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------
Ⓐ            | [auto-complete][auto-complete] mode
Ⓗ            | [auto-highlight-symbol][auto-highlight] mode
Ⓒ            | [centered-cursor][centered-cursor] mode
eⓅ           | [e-project][e-project] mode
Ⓟ            | [projectile][projectile] mode
Ⓕ            | flymake mode
Ⓢ            | flyspell mode
(Ⓢ)          | [smartparens][sp] mode
(Ⓟ)          | paredit mode
Ⓨ            | [yasnippet][yasnippet] mode

**Note:** in terminal the regular indicators are used instead of the utf-8
ones.

### Line formatting

`Spacemacs` replaces the default `J` Vi key binding (join current line with next
line) by a slightly more frequent action which is to `go to the line below point
and indent it`.

Join lines can still be performed with `<SPC> j k`

Line formatting commands start with `j`:

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`J`               | go to next line and indent it using auto-indent rules
`<SPC> j j`       | same as `J` but will split the current line at point
`<SPC> J`         | split a quoted string or s-expression in place
`<SPC> j J`       | split a quoted string or s-expression and auto-indent
`<SPC> j k`       | join the current line with the next line

Used together these key bindings are very powerful to quickly reformat the code.

### Errors handling

`Spacemacs` uses [Flycheck][flycheck] to gives error feedback on the fly.
The checks are only performed at save time by default.

Errors management commands (star with `f` for `flycheck`):

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> f c`       | clear all errors
`<SPC> f l`       | display the `flycheck` list of errors/warnings
`<SPC> f n`       | go to the next `flycheck` error
`<SPC> f p`       | go to the previous flycheck error

Custom fringe bitmaps:

   Symbol                                                                                       | Description
:----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------:|------------
![dot-error](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/dot-error.png)     | Error
![dot-warning](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/dot-warning.png) | warning
![dot-info](https://raw.githubusercontent.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs/master/doc/dot-info.png)       | Info

### Project management

Projects in `Spacemacs` are managed with [projectile][projectile].
So projects are defined implicitly, for instance the root of a project
is found when a `.git` repository or `.projectile` file is encountered
in the file tree.

Projects management commands (start with `p`):

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> p b`       | switch to a buffer of the project 
`<SPC> p C`       | invalidate the cache of `projectile`
`<SPC> p d`       | open a `dired` buffer at the root of the project
`<SPC> p f`       | open a file of the project using `helm`
`<SPC> p F`       | find a file if the project using `ido`
`<SPC> p k`       | kill all the buffers of the project
`<SPC> p g`       | grep search in the project
`<SPC> p r`       | replace a string in the files of the project

### Modes

`Spacemacs` tries to add more natural Vi key bindings to some modes or
simply add new leader key bindings.

Leader key bindings start with `m` because they are bindings related to
the current `major mode`.

#### Helm

`Spacemacs` add `hjkl` navigation to `helm` buffers:

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`CTRL+h`          | go to previous page
`CTRL+j`          | go to previous item
`CTRL+k`          | go to next item
`CTRL+l`          | go to next page

#### Erlang

`Spacemacs` uses [EDTS][edts] as an Erlang coding environment.

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> m d`       | show man page documentation
`<SPC> m e`       | go to next issue
`<SPC> m g`       | go to definition
`<SPC> m G`       | find a module in the current project
`<SPC> m h`       | open the header file under point
`<SPC> m l`       | find a function in the current module
`<SPC> m m`       | go to the macro definition under point
`<SPC> m r`       | go to the record definition under point

#### Ledger

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> m a`       | add a transaction
`<SPC> m d`       | delete current transaction

#### Lisp

**TODO**

#### Magit

`Spacemacs` add `hjkl` navigation support for the following magit modes:
- branch manager
- commit
- log
- process
- status

**Note:** in `status` mode only `j` and `k` are remapped (to go down and up).
Press `K` instead of `k` to discard changes to an item.

#### Org

In `org`, [evil-org-mode][evil-org-mode] is activated.

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`gh`              | outline-up-heading
`gj`              | org-forward-heading-same-level
`gk`              | org-backward-heading-same-level
`gl`              | outline-next-visible-heading
`t`               | org-todo
`T`               | org-insert-todo-heading nil
`H`               | org-beginning-of-line
`L`               | org-end-of-line
`;t`              | org-show-todo-tree
`o`               | always-insert-item
`O`               | org-insert-heading
`$`               | org-end-of-line
`^`               | org-beginning-of-line
`<`               | org-metaleft
`>`               | org-metaright
`;a`              | org-agenda`

#### Perforce

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> p 4 a`     | add a file in depot
`<SPC> p 4 d`     | delete a file in depot
`<SPC> p 4 D`     | p4-describe
`<SPC> p 4 e`     | checkout a file
`<SPC> p 4 r`     | rename a file
`<SPC> p 4 R`     | revert a file
`<SPC> p 4 S`     | submit CL

#### Python

##### Inferior REPL process

Start an iPython inferior REPL process with `<SPC> m i`.

Send code to inferior process commands:

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> m b`       | send buffer and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m B`       | send buffer and switch to REPL in insert mode
`<SPC> m f`       | send function and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m F`       | send function and switch to REPL in insert mode
`<SPC> m r`       | send region and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m R`       | send region and switch to REPL in insert mode
`CTRL+j`          | next item in REPL history
`CTRL+k`          | previous item in REPL history

##### Testing in Python

`Spacemacs` uses [nose][nose] as a test runner. An improved version of
[nose.el][nose.el] is shipped with `Spacemacs`, this version adds:
- windows support
- test suite support

The root of the project is detected with a `.git` directory or a `setup.cfg` file.

Test commands (start with `m t` or `m T`):

    No Debug      |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
<SPC> m t a       | launch all tests of the project
<SPC> m t f       | launch the current test under point
<SPC> m t m       | launch all tests of the current module
<SPC> m t s       | launch all tests of the current suite

     Debug        |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
<SPC> m T a       | launch all tests of the project in debug mode
<SPC> m T f       | launch the current test under point in debug mode
<SPC> m T m       | launch all tests of the current module in debug mode
<SPC> m T s       | launch all tests of the current suite in debug mode

##### Other Python commands

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> m d`       | open documentation in `firefox` using [pylookup][pylookup]
`<SPC> m g`       | go to definition using [emacs-jedi][jedi]
`<SPC> m p`       | add a breakpoint

#### R (ESS)

**Important**:
In order to speed up the boot time of `Spacemacs`, `ESS` must be loaded
manually via the key binding:

    <SPC> e s s

##### Inferior REPL process

Start an `R` inferior REPL process with `<SPC> m i`.

Send code to inferior process commands:

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> m b`       | send buffer and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m B`       | send buffer and switch to REPL in insert mode
`<SPC> m f`       | send function and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m F`       | send function and switch to REPL in insert mode
`<SPC> m l`       | send line and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m L`       | send line and switch to REPL in insert mode
`<SPC> m r`       | send region and keep code buffer focused
`<SPC> m R`       | send region and switch to REPL in insert mode
`<SPC> m s`       | send region or line and step (debug)
`<SPC> m S`       | send function or paragraph and step (debug)
`CTRL+j`          | next item in REPL history
`CTRL+k`          | previous item in REPL history

##### Other R commands

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`<SPC> m p`       | object introspection popup [ess-R-object-popup][ess-R-object-popup]
`<SPC> m v p`     | view data under point using [ess-R-data-view][ess-R-data-view] 
`<SPC> m v t`     | view table using [ess-R-data-view][ess-R-data-view] 

#### rcirc

    Key Binding   |                 Description
------------------|------------------------------------------------------------
`CTRL+j`          | next item in command history
`CTRL+k`          | previous item in command history

## Troubleshoot

### Marmalade repository is down

Unfortunately for now there is little you can do in `Spacemacs` if `marmalade`
repository goes down and you need to install packages. Though there will be
solutions in a future release of the contribution system.

## TODO list

- Add support for [multiple-cursors][multiple-cursors] mode.

[evil]: https://gitorious.org/evil/pages/Home
[evil-leader]: https://github.com/cofi/evil-leader
[RSI]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury
[sacha_guide]: http://sachachua.com/blog/2013/05/how-to-learn-emacs-a-hand-drawn-one-pager-for-beginners/
[use-package]: https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package
[keychords]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/KeyChord
[centered-cursor]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/centered-cursor-mode.el
[ace-jump]: https://github.com/winterTTr/ace-jump-mode
[helm]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm
[popwin]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/PopWin
[golden-ratio]: https://github.com/roman/golden-ratio.el
[solarized-theme]: https://github.com/bbatsov/solarized-emacs
[powerline]: https://github.com/milkypostman/powerline
[diminish]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/DiminishedModes
[auto-complete]: https://github.com/auto-complete
[auto-highlight]: https://github.com/emacsmirror/auto-highlight-symbol
[e-project]: https://github.com/jrockway/eproject
[projectile]: https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile
[sp]: https://github.com/Fuco1/smartparens
[flycheck]: https://github.com/flycheck
[yasnippet]: https://github.com/capitaomorte/yasnippet
[expand-region]: https://github.com/magnars/expand-region.el
[multiple-cursors]: https://github.com/magnars/multiple-cursors.el
[keybindings]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/vimacs/blob/master/my-keybindings.el
[hswoop]: https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-swoop
[hcss]: https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-css-scss
[hyas]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm-c-yasnippet
[hthemes]: https://github.com/syohex/emacs-helm-themes
[projectile]: https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile
[hdescbinds]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm-descbinds
[hflyspell]: https://gist.github.com/cofi/3013327
[evil-plugin01]: https://github.com/tarao/evil-plugins
[evil-plugin02]: https://github.com/redguardtoo/evil-matchit
[evil-plugin03]: https://github.com/bling/evil-visualstar
[evil-plugin04]: https://github.com/timcharper/evil-surround
[evil-plugin05]: https://github.com/Dewdrops/evil-exchange
[vim-plugin01]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1905
[vim-plugin02]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=39
[vim-plugin03]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1697
[vim-plugin04]: https://github.com/tommcdo/vim-exchange
[evil-org-mode]: https://github.com/edwtjo/evil-org-mode
[nose]: https://github.com/nose-devs/nose/
[nose.el]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/nose.el
[pylookup]: https://github.com/tsgates/pylookup
[jedi]: https://github.com/tkf/emacs-jedi
[edts]: https://github.com/tjarvstrand/edts
[ess-R-object-popup]: https://github.com/myuhe/ess-R-object-popup.el
[ess-R-data-view]: https://github.com/myuhe/ess-R-data-view.el
[monokai-theme]: https://github.com/oneKelvinSmith/monokai-emacs
[zenburn-theme]: https://github.com/bbatsov/zenburn-emacs
[git-gutter]: https://github.com/syohex/emacs-git-gutter-fringe
[rainbow-identifiers]: https://github.com/Fanael/rainbow-identifiers