2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
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# Spacemacs
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2012-12-17 21:34:04 +00:00
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2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
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_The best editor is not *Emacs* nor *Vim*, the best editor is
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*Emacs+Vim* !_
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2013-04-11 18:22:17 +00:00
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2013-11-24 04:00:41 +00:00
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**Table of Contents** *generated with [DocToc](http://doctoc.herokuapp.com/)*
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- [Goal](#goal)
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- [Who can benefit from this ?](#who-can-benefit-from-this-)
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- [Install](#install)
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- [Packages and Extensions Organization](#packages-and-extensions-organization)
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- [How it works](#how-it-works)
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- [How to switch to normal mode efficiently ?](#how-to-switch-to-normal-mode-efficiently-)
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- [Evil plugins](#evil-plugins)
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- [How to use it ?](#how-to-use-it-)
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- [Executing Vim and Emacs commands](#executing-vim-and-emacs-commands)
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- [Key bindings help](#key-bindings-help)
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- [About helm](#about-helm)
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- [Navigation (point/cursor)](#navigation-pointcursor)
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- [ace-jump mode](#ace-jump-mode)
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- [Navigation (buffers/files)](#navigation-buffersfiles)
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- [Window manipulation](#window-manipulation)
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- [Additional text manipulation commands](#additional-text-manipulation-commands)
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- [Spell checking](#spell-checking)
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- [Color theme](#color-theme)
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- [UI elements](#ui-elements)
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- [Minor Modes](#minor-modes)
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- [Formatting](#formatting)
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- [Errors handling](#errors-handling)
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- [Various](#various)
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- [expand-region mode](#expand-region-mode)
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- [narrow region](#narrow-region)
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- [auto-highlight-symbol mode](#auto-highlight-symbol-mode)
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- [and more...](#and-more)
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- [TODO list](#todo-list)
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## Goal
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2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
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These configuration files try to bring *the power of Vim modal editing* to
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2014-08-31 17:11:49 +00:00
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*the powerful Emacs editing platform*.
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To achieve this, `Spacemacs` uses two modes heavily:
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- [evil mode][evil]
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- [evil-leader mode][evil-leader]
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2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
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2013-12-13 17:18:28 +00:00
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## Who can benefit from this ?
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`Spacemacs` is first intended to be used by **Vim users** who want to go to the
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next level by using Emacs.
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It is also a good fit for people wanting to **lower the [risk of RSI][RSI]**
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induced by the default Emacs key bindings.
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People wanting to learn **a different way to edit files** or wanting to learn
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Vim key bindings.
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As a note side, if you are a programmer and you don't know Vim key bindings
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yet, I deeply recommend you to learn the basics as recommended in
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[Sacha Chua's one-page guide][sacha_guide] about how to learn Emacs.
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## Install
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`Spacemacs` is only tested with `Emacs 24.3.1`.
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cd ~
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mv .emacs.d .emacs.bak
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git clone http://github.com/syl20bnr/spacemacs .emacs.d
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cd .emacs.d
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mkdir .desktop
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2013-11-24 04:19:23 +00:00
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Get the sub-modules:
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cd ~/.emacs.d
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git submodule init
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git submodule update
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## Packages and Extensions Organization
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Modes/libraries are separated into two categories:
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- **package:** packages installed from `package.el` compliant repositories.
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- **extension:** modes directly fetched from git repositories (as sub-modules)
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There are two types of extensions:
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- **pre-extensions:** loaded before packages
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- **post-extensions:** loaded after packages
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Modes/libraries are listed in the following three files depending whether they
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are packages, pre-extensions or post-extensions, in order of loading:
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- pre-extensions.el
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- packages.el
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- post-extensions.el
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A package or extension may have a corresponding `init-....el` file responsible
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for its initialization, those files are stored respectively in the
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`init-package` and `init-extension` directories.
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`init-....el` files lazy load the modes by using the [use-package][use-package]
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macro.
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## How it works
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`Spacemacs` uses the `evil` mode to emulate Vim key bindings. It is a very
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complete emulation (the most complete I've seen yet).
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2014-08-31 17:11:49 +00:00
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`Spacemacs` heavily uses the `evil-leader` mode which brings the Vim leader key
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to the Emacs world.
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This leader key is commonly set to `,` by Vim users, in `Spacemacs` the leader
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key is set on `SPC` (space bar, this is why the name `spacemacs`). This key is
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the most accessible key on a keyboard and it is pressed with the thumb which is
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a good choice to lower the risk of [RSI][RSI].
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2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
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So with `Spacemacs` there is no need to remap your keyboard modifiers to attempt to
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reduce the risk of RSI, every command can be executed very easily while you are
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in `normal` mode by pressing the `SPC` leader key, here are a few examples:
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- Save a buffer: `<SPC> f s`
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- Save all opened buffers: `<SPC> f S`
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- Open (switch) to a buffer with `helm`: `<SPC> b s`
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## How to switch to normal mode efficiently ?
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2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
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One of the main design flaw in Vim key bindings is that you often have to press
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the `ESC` key to return to `normal` mode and `ESC` key is very far from the
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home row.
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The popular way to avoid this is to replace `ESC` by `jj` pressed rapidly. In
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`Spacemacs` you have to press `fd` quickly by default.
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`fd` also works to quit minibuffer prompts.
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**Note:** For those who know about [keychords.el][keychords] mode. This mode is
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not used to achieve this, the reasons for this is latency and the fact that
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keychords wants you to press several keys almost at the same time which is
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something very difficult to master correctly on a keyboard. `Spacemacs` has a
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special function called `fd-trigger` to handle the `fd` key sequence and fix
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the above keychords issues.
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2013-12-17 02:11:47 +00:00
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## Evil plugins
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`Spacemacs` ships with the following evil plugins:
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Mode | Description
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[evil-leader][evil-leader] | vim leader that bring a new layer of keys in normal mode
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[evil-little-word][evil-plugin01] | port of [camelcasemotion.vim][vim-plugin01]
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[evil-operator-comment][evil-plugin01] | comment/uncomment with `CC`
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[evil-matchit][evil-plugin02] | port of [matchit.vim][vim-plugin02]
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[evil-visualstar][evil-plugin03] | search for current selection with `*`
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[evil-exchange][evil-plugin05] | port of [vim-exchange][vim-plugin04]
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[surround][evil-plugin04] | port of [surround.vim][vim-plugin03]
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## How to use it ?
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Every sequences must be performed in `normal` mode.
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### Executing Vim and Emacs commands
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Vim commands are execute as usual with the `:` key.
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To execute an Emacs command:
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<SPC> :
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### Key bindings help
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A list of all the key bindings can be accessed by pressing:
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<SPC> ?
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To narrow the list to `Spacemacs` specific key bindings set the pattern to `SPC`
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2013-12-13 17:15:03 +00:00
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### About helm
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`Spacemacs` tries to use [helm][helm] as much as possible.
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[helm][helm] is coupled to [popwin][popwin] so `helm` window always appears in
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a new temporary windows at the bottom.
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The following `helm` modes are installed with `Spacemacs`:
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Mode | Key Binding | Description
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[helm-swoop][hswoop] | `<SPC> h s` | search for occurrences within a file and edit the result
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[helm-css-scss][hcss] | `<SPC> h c` | for quick navigation in CSS
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[helm-c-yasnippet][hyas] | `<SPC> a y` | select snippets
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[helm-themes][hthemes] | `<SPC> h t` | select a theme
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[helm-projectile][projectile] | `<SPC> p f` | select files within a projectile project
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[helm-descbinds][hdescbinds] | `<SPC> ?` | show key bindings
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[cofi/helm-flyspell-correct][hflyspell] | `<SPC> s c` | choose a corrected word
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### Navigation (point/cursor)
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Navigation is performed using the Vi key bindings `hjkl`.
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Key Binding | Description
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`h` | move cursor left
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`j` | move cursor down
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`k` | move cursor up
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`l` | move cursor right
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`H` | move quickly up (10 lines at a time)
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`L` | move quickly down (10 lines at a time)
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`<SPC> j h` | go to the beginning of line (and set a mark at the previous location in the line)
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`<SPC> j l` | go to the end of line (and set a mark at the previous location in the line)
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`<SPC> z z` | lock the cursor at the center of the screen
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#### [ace-jump mode][ace-jump]
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Key Binding | Description
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------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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`,` | initiate ace jump
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`<SPC> ,` | go back to the previous location (before the jump)
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### Navigation (buffers/files)
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2013-12-13 17:15:03 +00:00
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`Spacemacs` uses `ido` for opening files since `ido` way to navigate
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the file system is better than `helm` in my opinion (especially because `ido` can
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remember the last selected directories and buffers, maybe helm can do this ?).
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`ido` is also used to kill buffers.
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Buffer manipulation commands (start with `b`):
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Key Binding | Description
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`<SPC> b d` | delete the current buffer (beware the associated file is also deleted)
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`<SPC> b k` | kill the current buffer
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`<SPC> b K` | kill all buffers except the current one
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`<SPC> b m h` | move a buffer to the left
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`<SPC> b m j` | move a buffer to the bottom
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`<SPC> b m k` | move a buffer to the top
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`<SPC> b m l` | move a buffer to the right
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`<SPC> b n` | switch to next buffer
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`<SPC> b p` | switch to previous buffer
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`<SPC> b r` | rename the current buffer
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`<SPC> b s` | switch to a buffer using `helm`
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`<SPC> b w` | toggle read-only
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Files manipulation commands (start with `f`):
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Key Binding | Description
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--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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`<SPC> f f` | open a file using `ido`
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`<SPC> f i` | open your `init.el` file
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`<SPC> f s` | save a file
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`<SPC> f S` | save all files
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`<SPC> f y` | show current file absolute path in the mini buffer
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### Window manipulation
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Split windows are dynamically resized depending on whether they are selected or
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not. Resizing is performed by the [golden-ratio][golden-ratio] mode.
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Every window has a number displayed at the start of the mode-line and can
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be quickly accessed using `<SPC> number`.
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Key Binding | Description
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--------------|---------------------------------------------------
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`<SPC> 1` | go to first window
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`<SPC> 2` | go to window number 2
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`<SPC> 3` | go to window number 3
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`<SPC> 4` | go to window number 4
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`<SPC> 5` | go to window number 5
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`<SPC> 6` | go to window number 6
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`<SPC> 7` | go to window number 7
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`<SPC> 8` | go to window number 8
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`<SPC> 9` | go to window number 9
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`<SPC> 0` | go to window number 10
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Windows manipulation commands (start with `w`):
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Key Binding | Description
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--------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
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`<SPC> w b` | split a window horizontally
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`<SPC> w c` | close a window
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`<SPC> w d` | toggle window dedication (dedicated window cannot be used by a mode)
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`<SPC> w H` | move window to the left
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`<SPC> w J` | move window to the bottom
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`<SPC> w K` | move window to the top
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`<SPC> w L` | move window to the right
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`<SPC> w m` | maximize/minimize a window
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`<SPC> w M` | maximize/minimize a window, when maximized the buffer is centered
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`<SPC> w p` | close the current sticky popup window (used to close compilation buffer for instance)
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`<SPC> w r` | rotate windows clockwise
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`<SPC> w R` | rotate windows counter-clockwise
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`<SPC> w u` | undo window layout (used to effectively undo a close window)
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> w U` | redo window layout
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> w v` | split a window vertically
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> w w` | cycle and focus between windows
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
### Additional text manipulation commands
|
|
|
|
|
2014-08-31 17:11:49 +00:00
|
|
|
Text related commands (start with `x`):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Key Binding | Description
|
|
|
|
------------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x +` | increase text font size
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x -` | decrease text font size
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x =` | reset text font size
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x u` | set the selected text to lower case
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x U` | set the selected text to upper case
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x d w` | delete trailing whitespaces
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x g l` | set languages used by translate commands
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x g t` | translate current word using Google Translate
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x g T` | reverse source and target languages
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x m j` | move down a line of text
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x m k` | move up a line of text
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x t c` | swap (transpose) the current character with the previous one
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x t w` | swap (transpose) the current word with the previous one
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x t l` | swap (transpose) the current line with the previous one
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x w c` | count the number of words in the selection region
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> x w C` | count the number of occurrences per word in the select region
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Spell checking
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Spell checking commands start with `s`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Correct word at point with `helm`:
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> s c
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Go to the next spell check error:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> s n
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change dictionary language:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> s d
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
### Color theme
|
|
|
|
|
2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses this [Solarized theme][solarized-theme].
|
2013-11-26 05:55:59 +00:00
|
|
|
It is possible to cycle between the light and dark themes with.
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2013-11-26 05:55:59 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPC> c t
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### UI elements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The mode line is a [powerline][powerline] customized to show the window
|
|
|
|
number and to colorize the current editing mode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Some UI indicators can be toggled on and off:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fill column indicator for 80 columns wide buffers:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t 8
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
I suggest to not always display it since it slow down Emacs.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Toggle line numbers:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t n
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Idem, I suggest to display this only if required for performance reason.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Toggle fringe mode:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t f
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Minor Modes
|
|
|
|
|
2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [diminish][diminish] mode to reduce the size of minor mode
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
indicators:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Ⓐ -> [auto-complete][auto-complete] mode
|
2013-11-24 04:19:23 +00:00
|
|
|
- Ⓗ -> [auto-highlight-symbol][auto-highlight] mode
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
- Ⓒ -> [centered-cursor][centered-cursor] mode
|
|
|
|
- eⓅ -> [e-project][e-project] mode
|
|
|
|
- Ⓟ -> [projectile][projectile] mode
|
|
|
|
- Ⓕ -> flymake mode
|
|
|
|
- Ⓢ -> flyspell mode
|
|
|
|
- (Ⓢ) -> [smartparens][sp] mode
|
|
|
|
- (Ⓟ) -> paredit mode
|
|
|
|
- Ⓨ -> [yasnippet][yasnippet] mode
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The minor mode area can be toggled on and off with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t m
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
Note that in terminal the regular indicators are used instead of the utf-8
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
ones.
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
### Formatting
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` leverage `paredit` in all major modes by using [smartparens][sp] mode.
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To join the current line with the next line:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> j k
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To split the current line at point and auto-indent:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> j j
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To auto-indent the line below the current line and jump to it:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> j i
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
`<SPC> j k`, `<SPC> j j` and `<SPC> j i` used together are very powerful.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To split a quoted string (ie. `"Hello Emacs Hello Vim"` to `"Hello Emacs"` and
|
|
|
|
`"Hello Vim"`, but nobody wants to do that!):
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> l CTRL+j
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
Ahah a modifier! It should be the only one.
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Errors handling
|
|
|
|
|
2013-12-01 03:37:00 +00:00
|
|
|
`Spacemacs` uses [Flycheck][flycheck] to gives error feedback on the fly.
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
The checks are only performed at save time by default.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To go to the next/previous flycheck error:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> f n
|
|
|
|
<SPC> f p
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
To display the list of errors/warnings:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> f l
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Could be great to turn this command into a toggle.
|
|
|
|
By the way `l` is for `lisp`.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
### Various
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### [expand-region][expand-region] mode
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
initiate expand-region with:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> v
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
to expand region:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
v
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
to contract:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
V
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
to reset:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
r
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### narrow region
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
narrow to a region:
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPC> n r
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
widen a region:
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 03:50:11 +00:00
|
|
|
<SPC> n w
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### [auto-highlight-symbol][auto-highlight] mode
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
toggle the mode:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> t h
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
edit all highlighted symbols:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<SPC> h e
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
#### and more...
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
There are sets of key bindings for different major modes I'm using, the
|
|
|
|
convention is to start the major mode key sequences by `M`.
|
|
|
|
|
2013-11-24 04:19:23 +00:00
|
|
|
See [my-keybindings.el][keybindings] to explore for more key bindings.
|
2013-11-23 05:46:33 +00:00
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
## TODO list
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Add a way to easily share/activate/deactivate sets of key bindings for major
|
|
|
|
or minor modes key bindings (maybe by leveraging [use-package][use-package] ?).
|
|
|
|
- Add support for [multiple-cursors][multiple-cursors] mode.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
[evil]: https://gitorious.org/evil/pages/Home
|
|
|
|
[evil-leader]: https://github.com/cofi/evil-leader
|
|
|
|
[RSI]: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury
|
|
|
|
[sacha_guide]: http://sachachua.com/blog/2013/05/how-to-learn-emacs-a-hand-drawn-one-pager-for-beginners/
|
|
|
|
[use-package]: https://github.com/jwiegley/use-package
|
|
|
|
[keychords]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/KeyChord
|
|
|
|
[centered-cursor]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/centered-cursor-mode.el
|
|
|
|
[ace-jump]: https://github.com/winterTTr/ace-jump-mode
|
|
|
|
[helm]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm
|
|
|
|
[popwin]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/PopWin
|
|
|
|
[golden-ratio]: https://github.com/roman/golden-ratio.el
|
|
|
|
[solarized-theme]: https://github.com/bbatsov/solarized-emacs
|
|
|
|
[powerline]: https://github.com/milkypostman/powerline
|
|
|
|
[diminish]: http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/DiminishedModes
|
|
|
|
[auto-complete]: https://github.com/auto-complete
|
|
|
|
[auto-highlight]: https://github.com/emacsmirror/auto-highlight-symbol
|
|
|
|
[e-project]: https://github.com/jrockway/eproject
|
|
|
|
[projectile]: https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile
|
|
|
|
[sp]: https://github.com/Fuco1/smartparens
|
|
|
|
[flycheck]: https://github.com/flycheck
|
|
|
|
[yasnippet]: https://github.com/capitaomorte/yasnippet
|
|
|
|
[expand-region]: https://github.com/magnars/expand-region.el
|
|
|
|
[multiple-cursors]: https://github.com/magnars/multiple-cursors.el
|
2013-11-24 04:19:23 +00:00
|
|
|
[keybindings]: https://github.com/syl20bnr/vimacs/blob/master/my-keybindings.el
|
2013-12-13 17:15:03 +00:00
|
|
|
[hswoop]: https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-swoop
|
|
|
|
[hcss]: https://github.com/ShingoFukuyama/helm-css-scss
|
|
|
|
[hyas]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm-c-yasnippet
|
|
|
|
[hthemes]: https://github.com/syohex/emacs-helm-themes
|
|
|
|
[projectile]: https://github.com/bbatsov/projectile
|
|
|
|
[hdescbinds]: https://github.com/emacs-helm/helm-descbinds
|
|
|
|
[hflyspell]: https://gist.github.com/cofi/3013327
|
2013-12-17 02:11:47 +00:00
|
|
|
[evil-plugin01]: https://github.com/tarao/evil-plugins
|
|
|
|
[evil-plugin02]: https://github.com/redguardtoo/evil-matchit
|
|
|
|
[evil-plugin03]: https://github.com/bling/evil-visualstar
|
|
|
|
[evil-plugin04]: https://github.com/timcharper/evil-surround
|
2014-08-31 17:11:49 +00:00
|
|
|
[evil-plugin05]: https://github.com/Dewdrops/evil-exchange
|
2013-12-17 02:15:54 +00:00
|
|
|
[vim-plugin01]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1905
|
|
|
|
[vim-plugin02]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=39
|
|
|
|
[vim-plugin03]: http://www.vim.org/scripts/script.php?script_id=1697
|
2014-08-31 17:11:49 +00:00
|
|
|
[vim-plugin04]: https://github.com/tommcdo/vim-exchange
|
2014-02-17 19:06:05 +00:00
|
|
|
|