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spacemacs/layers/+lang/clojure
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Clojure layer

/TakeV/spacemacs/media/commit/fa514c6ace3279d77090465f2fa0dfe28859e1de/layers/+lang/clojure/img/clojure.png /TakeV/spacemacs/media/commit/fa514c6ace3279d77090465f2fa0dfe28859e1de/layers/+lang/clojure/img/cider.png

Description

This layer adds support for Clojure language using CIDER, providing Clojure REPL management and a full suite of tooling for Clojure development.

Features:

Related layers

The following Spacemacs layers should also be added for a complete experience.

  • auto-completion
  • syntax-checking (provides flycheck for linter support)
  • LSP

Other optional features

Install

Spacemacs will prompt to install the Clojure layer automatically when opening a file ending in .clj .cljs, .cljc or .edn. Replying y will download all the packages for the Clojure layer. Restarting Spacemacs, SPC q r, is recommended to ensure all changes are loaded.

Add the Clojure Layer manually

Edit the ~/.spacemacs file and add the word clojure to the existing dotspacemacs-configuration-layers list.

Pretty Symbols

Pretty symbols for anonymous functions, set literals and partial, like (λ [a] (+ a 5)), ƒ(+ % 5), ∈{2 4 6} and Ƥ.

To enable this feature, add the following snippet to the dotspacemacs/user-config section of your ~/.spacemacs file:

  (setq clojure-enable-fancify-symbols t)

Or set this variable when loading the configuration layer:

  (setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '((clojure :variables clojure-enable-fancify-symbols t)))

Optional LSP server

Traditionally the clojure developing environment is working exclusively with an external server called CIDER. This has some drawbacks especially that most features require a working REPL session in the background. Newer layers work with a standard LSP server providing standard bindings for most features. In addition lsp-UI provides a more modern UI for visualising linter results and providing code actions.

The server is automatically activated when you have the lsp-layer installed in your dotfile. Alternatively you can force a certain backend by setting the clojure-backend variable in your dotfile:

  (setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '((clojure :variables clojure-backend 'lsp)))

The server is started automatically when a supported file is opened. It will also provide a flycheck integration via lsp-flycheck which will run the configured linter from your project config. See here for details. The server is installed automatically in your emacs directory however if this does not work it can also be installed manually from here.

You can also explicitly disable lsp support by setting cider as backend explicitly:

  (setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '((clojure :variables clojure-backend 'cider)))

Enabling Automatic Linting

clj-kondo, joker and squiggly-clojure provide automated linting via flycheck. These packages are disabled by default as they require the relevant linter binaries to be installed locally.

The recommended linter is to use clj-kondo in combination with joker. Together they catch the most issues while both running extremely quickly.

squiggly reloads your code on every change which gives unexpected results if your code is not re-loadable. squiggly also requires org.clojure/core.typed be added to the development dependencies of your projects or build tool when using cider-connect.

Enable clj-kondo linter

This linter based on static syntax checking and requires the clj-kondo binary installed on the system PATH that spacemacs.env includes. Please read the clj-kondo binary installation instructions

Enable the clj-kondo automatic linter in Spacemacs by adding a :variables option to your Spacemacs configuration:

  ;; Witout any variables your configuration would just include clojure
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    clojure
    )

  ;; to use clj-kondo as a linter, add this variable to the clojure layer
  ;; wrapping the clojure layer in a list
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    (clojure :variables
             clojure-enable-linters 'clj-kondo)
    )

Enable joker linter

This linter is based on static syntax checking and requires the joker binary installed on the system PATH that spacemacs.env includes. Please read the joker binary installation instructions

Enable the joker automatic linter in Spacemacs by adding a :variables option to your Spacemacs configuration:

  ;; Witout any variables your configuration would just include clojure
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    clojure
    )

  ;; to use joker as a linter, add this variable to the clojure layer
  ;; wrapping the clojure layer in a list
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    (clojure :variables
             clojure-enable-linters 'joker)
    )

Enable Squiggly linter

squiggly-clojure uses Eastwood and Kibit for linting. Please install these projects before configuring Spacemacs with squiggly.

Make sure to read the squiggly-clojure warnings section.

Please read the section on squiggly dependencies if you are using cider-connect

Enable the squiggly (eastwood, kibit and core.typed) automatic linter in Spacemacs by adding a :variables option to your Spacemacs configuration:

  ;; Without any variables your configuration would just include Clojure
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    clojure
    )

  ;; to use squiggly as a linter, add this variable to the clojure layer
  ;; wrapping the clojure layer in a list
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
    '(...
      (clojure :variables
               clojure-enable-linters 'squiggly)
      )

Troubleshooting: please read debugging and bug reporting and try to reproduce using the sample project.

Enable multiple linters

You can choose to enable multiple linters and have them all run together. This gives you better linting coverage, as they don't catch all the same issues.

You will need to follow their individual install instructions first, to get all their necessary binaries and configs on the system PATH that spacemacs.env includes. Please refer to their individual Enable … linter section respectively.

Once all the linters you want to enable are installed, you simply need to specify a list of them in the :variables option to your Spacemacs configuration:

  ;; Witout any variables your configuration would just include clojure
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    clojure
    )

  ;; to enable multiple linters, say clj-kondo and joker, add a list variable to the clojure layer
  ;; listing each one in the order you want them running, wrapping the clojure layer in a list
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    (clojure :variables
             clojure-enable-linters '(clj-kondo joker))
    )

Enable Clojure fancify Symbols

Fancify symbols re-writes your code and displays symbols for:

  • function definitions with fn (λ [a] (+ a 5)) and its syntax shortcut ƒ(+ % 5)
  • set literals ∈{2 4 6}
  • partial functions Ƥ.

To enable this feature, add the following snippet to the dotspacemacs/user-config section of your ~/.spacemacs file:

  (setq clojure-enable-fancify-symbols t)

Or set this variable when loading the configuration layer:

  (setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '((clojure :variables clojure-enable-fancify-symbols t)))

Enabling sayid or clj-refactor

The packages sayid (Clojure debugger) and clj-refactor (automatic refactorings) are disabled by default. These packages are less active that the CIDER project and may cause issues when running CIDER.

To enable them, add a :variables option when enabling the clojure layer, specifying clojure-enable-sayid, or clojure-enable-clj-refactor, or both.

In your Spacemacs configuration:

  ;; before
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    clojure
    )

  ;; after
  dotspacemacs-configuration-layers
  '(...
    (clojure :variables
             clojure-enable-sayid t
             clojure-enable-clj-refactor t)
    )

Enabling either of these packages will cause extra nREPL middleware to be injected when jacking in CIDER.

If you are experiencing issues when running a REPL, try disabling these packages first and restart Spacemacs to see if the error persists.

Usage

Read the key bindings section to see all the functionality available, or simply use the , or SPC m to open the which-key menu for the Clojure layer.

Starting a REPL from Spacemacs

Open a Clojure file (.clj, .cljs, .cljc, .edn) and start a Clojure REPL, choosing the REPL session type (Clojure, ClojureScript or both Clojure & ClojureScript).

, ' and , s i calls the sesman-start command, a wrapper for all the jack-in and connect commands. A prompt appears allowing you to choose the type of REPL session required.

, s j opens the cider-jack-in menu, providing commands to start specific REPL sessions, it is the same as using the sesman-start command described previously.

Using the universal constant, SPC u before any of the previous commands enables editing of the command that starts the REPL. This is useful if you want to add a deps.edn alias or add your own dependencies to inject. The command is edited in the mini-buffer

Once the REPL starts, a confirmation message is displayed in the mini-buffer.

The REPL buffer does not open automatically (Clojure is typically evaluated in the source code buffer). , s a will switch between REPL and source code buffers, opening the REPL buffer if not already shown.

Troubleshooting

If the REPL does not start, SPC b m opens the message buffer and should show errors. Also check the REPL buffer, , s a for error messages.

Remove optional features from the Clojure layer, specifically sayid and clj-refactor. Restart Emacs and confirm the issue still occurs.

Visit #cider channel on Clojurians Slack community for help with CIDER, and #spacemacs channel for Spacemacs specific help

Connecting to a Clojure REPL outside of Emacs

Start a REPL outside of Emacs that includes an nREPL server. The IP address and port the nREPL runs on should be printed.

, '_ or SPC m s i displays the sesman prompt, select the connect command relevant to the type of REPL you wish to start.

, s c opens the cider-connect menu, providing key bindings for connecting too the different REPL session types.

CIDER communicates with your Clojure process through nREPL and for CIDER to function correctly extra nREPL middleware is needed (cider/cider-nrepl). The same is true for clj-refactor (refactor-nrepl), and for sayid (com.billpiel/sayid).

When starting the Clojure process through cider (cider-jack-in and friends) this will be handled automatically, and so most users should be able to just run SPC m s i to connect to the CIDER REPL and skip the rest of this section.

If you are running an older version of CIDER (0.10 or older), or if you are starting the Clojure process yourself outside of Emacs, then you need to make sure the necessary dependencies are present, and the necessary nREPL middlewares are enabled.

Quick Start with boot

  • Install boot 2.8.2 or newer (see https://github.com/boot-clj/boot#user-content-install)
  • Create a file ~/.boot/profile.boot with the following content:

      (require 'boot.repl)
    
      (swap! boot.repl/*default-dependencies* conj
             ;; When running an older version of CIDER (pre 0.18), use the
             ;; version that best matches M-x cider-version. For versions since
             ;; 0.18.0 use whatever version is the most recent.
             '[cider/cider-nrepl "0.21.1"]
    
             ;; Only necessary when using clj-refactor
             '[refactor-nrepl "2.4.0"]
    
             ;; Only necessary when using sayid
             '[com.billpiel/sayid "0.0.17"])
    
      (swap! boot.repl/*default-middleware* conj
             'cider.nrepl/cider-middleware
             'refactor-nrepl.middleware/wrap-refactor
             'com.billpiel.sayid.nrepl-middleware/wrap-sayid)

Quick Start with lein

  • Install lein version 2.9.0 or newer (see https://leiningen.org/#install)
  • Create a file ~/.lein/profiles.clj with the following content:

      {:repl
       {:plugins [;; When running an older version of CIDER (pre 0.18), use the
                  ;; version that best matches M-x cider-version. For versions since
                  ;; 0.18.0 use whatever version is the most recent.
                  [cider/cider-nrepl "0.21.1"]
    
                  ;; Only necessary when using clj-refactor
                  [refactor-nrepl "2.4.0"]
    
                  ;; Only necessary when using sayid
                  [com.billpiel/sayid "0.0.17"]]
    
        :dependencies [[nrepl "0.4.5"]]
    
        :repl-options
        {:nrepl-middleware [refactor-nrepl.middleware/wrap-refactor ;; clj-refactor
                            com.billpiel.sayid.nrepl-middleware/wrap-sayid ;; sayid
                            ]}}}

More details

More info regarding installation of nREPL middleware can be found here:

Managing REPL connections

Sesman is used for managing REPL connections when working simultaneously on multiple projects or have multiple connections opened for the same project

SPC m m i provides information about the current REPL. SPC m m b shows information about all REPLs currently active. SPC m m l menu links files, directories and projects to an existing session.

See REPL connections in the key bindings section for all the commands.

Advanced help

This layer installs the helm-cider package which provides helm integration with cider apropos. It also embeds cider cheatsheet.

Type SPC m h a to display advanced apropos window. Type SPC m h c to display the cheatsheet then type in some terms (space separated) to narrow down the list. For example, try typing in "sort map" to see some functions that deal with sorting maps.

NOTE: If helm is not used, then cider-apropos and cider-cheatsheet are used.

Structuraly safe editing

The Clojure layer adds support for evil-cleverparens which allows to safely edit lisp code by keeping the s-expressions balanced.

SPC m T s will toggle safe structured editing, off by default.

Enable safe structural editing for all clojure buffers using the following in the dotspacemacs/user-config function of your .spacemacs file

  (spacemacs/toggle-evil-safe-lisp-structural-editing-on-register-hook-clojure-mode)

Or enable safe structural editing for all supported modes:

  (spacemacs/toggle-evil-safe-lisp-structural-editing-on-register-hooks)

When enabled the symbol 🆂 will display in the mode-line.

Key bindings

Working with clojure files (barfage, slurpage & more)

Spacemacs comes with a special lisp-state for working with lisp code that supports slurpage, barfage and more tools you'll likely want when working with lisp.

As this state works the same for all files, the documentation is in global DOCUMENTATION.org. In general, use SPC k to interact with the lisp-state.

Leader

Shortcuts

Shortcut key bindings for regularly used commands.

Key binding Description
SPC m ' start a REPL - prompted for REPL type (sesman-start)
SPC m , command menu in REPL buffer (cider-repl-handle-shortcut)

Managing REPL connections

Managing CIDER REPL connections and sessions

Key binding Description
SPC m m b browse all REPL session (sesman-browser)
SPC m m i current REPL information, SPC u for all sessions (sesman-info)
SPC m m g go to most relevant REPL session (sesman-goto)
SPC m m l b link buffer to REPL session (sesman-link-with-buffer)
SPC m m l d link directory to REPL session (sesman-link-with-directory)
SPC m m l p link project to REPL session (sesman-link-with-project)
SPC m m l u unlink from REPL session (sesman-unlink)
SPC m m S j connect as sibling to existing Clojure REPL
SPC m m S s connect as sibling to existing ClojureScript REPL
SPC m m s start a REPL - prompted for REPL type (sesman-start)
SPC m m q q quit REPL session (sesman-quit)
SPC m m q r restart REPL (sesman-restart)

Documentation

Key binding Description
SPC m h a cider apropos
SPC m h c cider cheatsheet
SPC m h d cider clojuredocs
SPC m h h cider doc
SPC m h j cider javadoc
SPC m h n cider browse namespace
SPC m h N cider browse all namespaces
SPC m h s cider-browse-spec
SPC m h S cider-browse-spec-all

Evaluation

Evaluate Clojure code in the source code buffer

Key binding Description
SPC m e ; eval sexp and show result as comment
SPC m e $ go to end of line and eval last sexp
SPC m e ( eval 'list' around point (sequence, list, vector, map, set)
SPC m e b eval buffer
SPC m e e eval last sexp
SPC m e f eval function at point
SPC m e i interrupt the current evaluation
SPC m e l go to end of line and eval last sexp
SPC m e m cider macroexpand 1
SPC m e M cider macroexpand all
SPC m e n a reload all namespaces (cider-ns-reload-all)
SPC m e n n eval current namespace form (cider-eval-ns-form)
SPC m e n r refresh namespace (cider-ns-refresh)
SPC m e n l reload namespace (cider-ns-reload), SPC u (cider-ns-reload-all)
SPC m e p ; eval top-level sexp, pretty print result as a comment
SPC m e p : eval last sexp, pretty print result as a comment
SPC m e p f eval top-level sexp, pretty print result in separate buffer
SPC m e p e eval last sexp, pretty print result in separate buffer
SPC m e r eval region
SPC m e u Undefine a symbol from the current namespace
SPC m e v eval sexp around point
SPC m e w eval last sexp and replace with result

Goto

Key binding Description
SPC m g b go back
SPC m g C browse classpath
SPC m g g goto var definition spacemacs/clj-find-var
SPC m g e goto error
SPC m g n goto namespace
SPC m g r goto resource
SPC m g s browse spec
SPC m g S browse all specs

Send code to REPL

Use these key bindings when working directly with a REPL buffer. Use the Evaluation key bindings when evaluating in source code buffer.

Key binding Description
SPC m s a switch between REPL and last Clojure source code buffer (cider-repl)
SPC m s b send and eval buffer in REPL
SPC m s B send and eval buffer and switch to REPL in insert state
SPC u SPC m s B same as SPC m s B including switching to the buffer namespace in REPL
SPC m s c j connect to a running Clojure REPL (cider-connect-clj)
SPC m s c m connect to a running Clojure & ClojureScript REPL (cider-connect-clj&cljs)
SPC m s c s connect to a running ClojureScript REPL (cider-connect-cljs)
SPC m s e send and eval last sexp in REPL
SPC m s E send and eval last sexp and switch to REPL in insert state
SPC m s f send and eval function in REPL
SPC m s F send and eval function and switch to REPL in insert state
SPC m s i start a REPL - prompt for REPL type (sesman-start)
SPC m s j j start Clojure REPL (cider-jack-in-clj)
SPC m s j m start Clojure REPL (cider-jack-in-clj&cljs)
SPC m s j s start ClojureScript REPL (cider-jack-in-cljs)
SPC m l clear REPL buffer (cider-repl-clear-buffer)
SPC m L clear and switch to REPL buffer (cider-find-and-clear-repl-output)
SPC m s n send and eval ns form in REPL
SPC m s N send and eval ns form and switch to REPL in insert state
SPC m s o switch to other repl instance (cider-repl-switch-to-other)
SPC m s q n reload namespace in REPL (cider-ns-reload)
SPC m s q N reload all namespace in REPL (cider-ns-reload-all)
SPC m s q q quit REPL (cider-quit)
SPC m s q r restart REPL (cider-restart)
SPC m s r send and eval region in REPL
SPC m s R send and eval region and switch to REPL in insert state
SPC m e u require Clojure utils into current namespace - i.e. doc source
SPC m s p print last sexp (clojure interaction mode only)

Tests

Key binding Description
SPC m t a run all tests in namespace
SPC m t r re-run test failures for namespace
SPC m t t run test at point

Toggles

Key binding Description
SPC m T e toggle englighten mode
SPC m T f toggle REPL font-locking
SPC m T i toggle indentation style
SPC m T p toggle REPL pretty-printing
SPC m T t toggle auto test mode

Debugging

TODO: separate clojure-mode and sayid key bindings

Key binding Description
SPC m d ! reload traces and clear sayid workspace
SPC m d b instrument expression at point
SPC m d c clear workspace trace log
SPC m d e display last stacktrace
SPC m d E one time display of value at cursor
SPC m d f query form at point
SPC m d h show sayid help (key bindings may not be accurate)
SPC m d i inspect expression at point
SPC m d r reload namespaces
SPC m d s show what is currently traced
SPC m d S show what is currently traced in current namespace
SPC m d t b trace current file's namespace
SPC m d t d disable existing trace on current function
SPC m d t D disable existing trace on all functions
SPC m d t e enable existing trace on current function
SPC m d t E enable existing trace on all functions
SPC m d t K remove all traces
SPC m d t n create inner trace on function
SPC m d t o create outer trace on function
SPC m d t p trace namespaces by regex
SPC m d t r remove trace on function
SPC m d t y recursively trace every namespace in given dir
SPC m d v e inspect last expression
SPC m d v f inspect function at point
SPC m d v i inspect value at point (cider-inspect)
SPC m d v l inspect last result
SPC m d v v inspect expression at point
SPC m d V set the view
SPC m d w open sayid workspace window
SPC m d x clear workspace traces and log

Refactoring

The following refactoring key bindings are enabled by default in clojure-mode:

Key binding Description
SPC m r a n insert a namespace form at the beginning of the buffer
SPC m r a N insert a namespace form at point
SPC m r c i cycle between if and if-not forms
SPC m r c p cycle privacy of defn and def forms
SPC m r c ( convert coll to list
SPC m r c ' convert coll to quoted list
SPC m r c { convert coll to map
SPC m r c # convert coll to set
SPC m r c [ convert coll to vector
SPC m r s n sort namespaces inside the ns form
SPC m r t f rewrite the following form to use the -> (thread first) macro.
SPC m r t l rewrite the following form to use the ->> (thread last) macro.
SPC m r t h thread another form into the surrounding threading macro
SPC m r u a unwind all steps of surrounding threading macro
SPC m r u w unwind threading macro one step at a time

The following refactorings require cljr-refactor to be enabled and generally depend on a connected CIDER session.

Key binding Description
SPC m r ? describe refactoring
SPC m r a d add declaration
SPC m r a i add import to ns
SPC m r a m add missing libspec
SPC m r a p add project dependency
SPC m r a r add require to ns
SPC m r a u add use to ns
SPC m r c : toggle between keyword and string
SPC m r c n clean ns
SPC m r d k destructure keys
SPC m r e c extract constant
SPC m r e d extract definition
SPC m r e f extract function
SPC m r e l expand let
SPC m r f u find usages
SPC m r f e create fn from example
SPC m r h d hotload dependency
SPC m r i l introduce let
SPC m r i s inline symbol
SPC m r m f move form
SPC m r m l move to let
SPC m r p c project clean
SPC m r p f promote function
SPC m r r d remove debug fns
SPC m r r f rename file
SPC m r r l remove let
SPC m r r r remove unused requires
SPC m r r s rename symbol
SPC m r r u replace use
SPC m r s n sort ns
SPC m r s p sort project dependencies
SPC m r s r stop referring
SPC m r s c show changelog
SPC m r u p update project dependencies

Reformatting

Key binding Description
SPC m = = reformat current buffer
SPC m = e b reformat edn buffer
SPC m = e e reformat edn last sexp
SPC m = e r reformat edn region
SPC m = f reformat current sexp
SPC m = l realign current form
SPC m = r realign current region

Profiling

Key binding Description
SPC m p + profile samples
SPC m p c clear profile
SPC m p n toggle profile ns
SPC m p s profile summary
SPC m p S summary for all
SPC m p t toggle profile
SPC m p v is variable profiled

CIDER Buffers

In general, q should always quit the popped up buffer.

cider-repl-mode

Key binding Description
C-j next input
C-k previous input

stacktrace-mode

Key binding Description
C-j next cause
C-k previous cause
TAB cycle current cause
0 cycle all causes
1 cycle cause 1
2 cycle cause 2
3 cycle cause 3
4 cycle cause 4
5 cycle cause 5
a toggle all
c toggle clj
d toggle duplicates
J toggle java
r toggle repl
T toggle tooling

inspector-mode

Key binding Description
TAB next inspectable object
Shift-TAB previous inspectable object
RET inspect object
L pop to the parent object
n next page in paginated view
N previous page in paginated view
r refresh
s set a new page size

test-report-mode

Key binding Description
C-j next result
C-k previous result
RET jump to test
d ediff test result
e show stacktrace
r rerun failed tests
t run test
T run tests

Sayid Buffers

sayid-mode

Key binding Description
Shift-Backspace forward buffer state
enter pop to function
d def value to $s/*
f query for calls to function
F query to calls to function with modifier
i show only this instance
I show only this instance with modifier
L or Backspace previous buffer state
n jump to next call
N jump to previous call
P pretty print value
C clear workspace trace log
e generate instance expression and put in kill ring
H display help (key bindings may not be accurate)
w show full workspace trace
C-s v toggle view
C-s V set view

sayid-traced-mode

Key binding Description
backspace go back to trace overview
enter drill into ns at point
e enable trace
E enable all traces
d disable trace
D disable all traces
h display help (key bindings may not be accurate)
i apply inner trace to function at point
o apply outer trace to function at point
r remove trace at point

sayid-pprint

Key binding Description
enter show path in minibuffer
i enter child node
o enter parent node
n enter next sibling node
p enter previous sibling node

Development Notes

Indentation

With a Indentation spec functionality of Cider to read the custom indentation rules from the var's metadata, it is better for consistency reasons to not add the custom indentation rules to Spacemacs, but to add them to the metadata of those specific vars.