#+TITLE: Git contribution layer for Spacemacs

[[file:img/git.png]]

* Table of Contents                                                   :TOC@4:
 - [[#description][Description]]
     - [[#features][Features:]]
 - [[#install][Install]]
     - [[#layer][Layer]]
     - [[#magit-status-fullscreen][Magit status fullscreen]]
     - [[#magit-auto-complete][Magit auto-complete]]
     - [[#magit-svn-plugin][Magit SVN plugin]]
     - [[#git][Git]]
 - [[#working-with-git][Working with Git]]
     - [[#magit][Magit]]
     - [[#commit-message-edition-buffer][Commit message edition buffer]]
     - [[#interactive-rebase-buffer][Interactive rebase buffer]]
     - [[#quick-guide-for-recurring-use-cases-in-magit][Quick guide for recurring use cases in Magit]]
     - [[#git-time-machine][Git time machine]]

* Description

This layers adds extensive support for [[http://git-scm.com/][git]].

** Features:
- git repository management the indispensable  [[http://magit.github.io/][magit]] package
- [[https://github.com/jtatarik/magit-gitflow][git-flow]] add-on for magit.
- quick in buffer history browsing with [[https://github.com/pidu/git-timemachine][git-timemachine]].
- quick in buffer last commit message per line with [[https://github.com/syohex/emacs-git-messenger][git-messenger]]
- colorize buffer line by age of commit with [[https://github.com/syohex/emacs-smeargle][smeargle]]
- gitignore generator with [[https://github.com/jupl/helm-gitignore][helm-gitignore]]

New to Magit? Checkout the [[http://magit.vc/about.html][official intro]].

* Install

** Layer

To use this contribution add it to your =~/.spacemacs=

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
(setq-default dotspacemacs-configuration-layers '(git))
#+END_SRC

** Magit status fullscreen

To display the =magit status= buffer in fullscreen set the variable
=git-magit-status-fullscreen= to =t= in your =dotspacemacs/init= function.

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (defun dotspacemacs/init ()
    (setq-default git-magit-status-fullscreen t)
  )
#+END_SRC

** Magit auto-complete

Magit auto-complete feature is enabled. For this feature to work best you
have to setup your Git repository directory in your =dotspacemacs/config=
function, this is the folder where you keep all your git-controlled projects
(the path should end up with a ~=/~= to respect Emacs conventions):

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (setq magit-repository-directories '("~/repos/"))
#+END_SRC

For more information, see [[https://magit.github.io/master/magit.html#Status][Magit-User-Manual#Status]]

** Magit SVN plugin

For convenience the magit SVN plugin can be activated directly in the Git
layer by setting the variable =git-enable-magit-svn-plugin= to =t=.

#+BEGIN_SRC emacs-lisp
  (defun dotspacemacs/init ()
    (setq-default git-enable-magit-svn-plugin t)
  )
#+END_SRC

** Git

Of course if your OS does not ship with git (!) you'll have to install it
on your machine. You can download it from the [[http://git-scm.com/downloads][download page]].

* Working with Git

Git commands (start with ~g~):

| Key Binding | Description                                         |
|-------------+-----------------------------------------------------|
| ~SPC g b~   | open a =magit= blame                                |
| ~SPC g C~   | commit changes                                      |
| ~SPC g d~   | show diff against current head                      |
| ~SPC g h c~ | clear highlights                                    |
| ~SPC g h h~ | highlight regions by age of commits                 |
| ~SPC g h t~ | highlight regions by last updated time              |
| ~SPC g I~   | open =helm-gitignore=                               |
| ~SPC g l~   | open a =magit= log                                  |
| ~SPC g L~   | display the log for a file                          |
| ~SPC g s~   | open a =magit= status window                        |
| ~SPC g m~   | display the last commit message of the current line |
| ~SPC g t~   | launch the git time machine                         |

- Highlight by age of commit or last update time is provided by
 [[https://github.com/syohex/emacs-smeargle][smeargle]].
- Git time machine is provided by [[https://github.com/pidu/git-timemachine][git-timemachine]].
- Git last commit message per line is provided by [[https://github.com/syohex/emacs-git-messenger][git-messenger]].


** Magit

=Spacemacs= uses [[http://magit.github.io/][magit]] to manage Git repositories.

To open a =status buffer=, type in a buffer of a Git repository: ~SPC g s~

~hjkl~ navigation is enabled in all Magit buffers. The default Magit keys
on ~hjkl~ (if they exist) are remapped on ~HJKL~.

Here are the often used bindings inside a =status buffer=, please note that
the following key bindings are valid in Vim editing style, in Emacs editing
style you can refer directly to the magit manual:

| Key Binding      | Description                                         |
|------------------+-----------------------------------------------------|
| ~/~              | evil-search                                         |
| ~$~              | open =command output buffer=                        |
| ~c c~            | open a =commit message buffer=                      |
| ~b b~            | checkout a branch                                   |
| ~b c~            | create a branch                                     |
| ~f f~            | fetch changes                                       |
| ~F -r F~         | pull and rebase                                     |
| ~h~              | go left                                             |
| ~j~              | go down                                             |
| ~C-S-j~ or ~C-n~ | goto next magit section                             |
| ~k~              | go up                                               |
| ~K~              | discard changes                                     |
| ~C-S-k~ or ~C-p~ | goto previous magit section                         |
| ~l~              | go right                                            |
| ~L l~            | open =log buffer=                                   |
| ~n~              | next search occurrence                              |
| ~N~              | previous search occurrence _or_ SVN sub-menu        |
| ~P P~            | push                                                |
| ~q~              | quit                                                |
| ~s~              | on a file or hunk in a diff: stage the file or hunk |
| ~+~              | on a hunk: increase hunk size                       |
| ~-~              | on a hunk: decrease hunk size                       |
| ~S~              | stage all                                           |
| ~TAB~            | on a file: expand/collapse diff                     |
| ~u~              | on a staged file: unstage                           |
| ~U~              | unstage all staged files                            |
| ~v~              | go to =visual state=                                |
| ~V~              | go to =visual-line state=                           |
| ~C-v~            | revert item at point                                |
| ~z z~            | stash changes                                       |

** Commit message edition buffer

In a commit message buffer press ~C-c C-c~ or ~SPC m c c~
to commit the changes with the entered message.
Pressing ~C-c C-k~ or ~SPC m k~ will discard the commit
message.

| Key Binding | Description |
|-------------+-------------|
| ~h~         | go left     |
| ~j~         | go down     |
| ~k~         | go up       |
| ~l~         | go right    |
| ~SPC m c c~ | commit      |
| ~SPC m k~   | abort       |

** Interactive rebase buffer

| Key Binding | Description    |
|-------------+----------------|
| ~c~         | pick           |
| ~e~         | edit           |
| ~f~         | fixup          |
| ~h~         | go left        |
| ~j~         | go down        |
| ~J~         | move line down |
| ~k~         | go up          |
| ~K~         | move line up   |
| ~C-k~       | kill line      |
| ~l~         | go right       |
| ~r~         | reword         |
| ~s~         | squash         |
| ~u~         | undo           |
| ~x~         | execute        |
| ~y~         | insert         |
| ~SPC m c c~ | rebase         |
| ~SPC m k~   | abort          |

** Quick guide for recurring use cases in Magit

- Amend a commit:
  - ~L l~ to open =log buffer=
  - ~c a~ on the commit you want to amend
  - ~C-c C-c~ to submit the changes
- Squash last commit:
  - ~L l~ to open =log buffer=
  - ~r e~ on the second to last commit, it opens the =rebase buffer=
  - ~j~ to put point on last commit
  - ~s~ to squash it
  - ~C-c C-c~ to continue to the =commit message buffer=
  - ~C-c C-c~ again when you have finished to edit the commit message
- Force push a squashed commit:
  - in the =status buffer= you should see the new commit unpushed and the old
    commit unpulled
  - ~P -f P~ for force a push (*beware* usually it is not recommended to rewrite
    the history of a public repository, but if you are *sure* that you are the
    only one to work on a repository it is ok - i.e. in your fork).
- Add upstream remote (the parent repository you have forked):
  - ~M~ to open the =remote popup=
  - ~a~ to add a remote, type the name (i.e. =upstream=) and the URL
- Pull changes from upstream (the parent repository you have forked) and push:
  - ~F -r C-u F~ and choose =upstream= or the name you gave to it
  - ~P P~ to push the commit to =origin=

** Git time machine

[[https://github.com/pidu/git-timemachine][git-timemachine]] allows to quickly browse the commits of the current buffer.

| Key Binding | Description                                    |
|-------------+------------------------------------------------|
| ~SPC g t~   | start git timemachine and initiate micro-state |
| ~c~         | show current commit                            |
| ~n~         | show next commit                               |
| ~N~         | show previous commit                           |
| ~p~         | show previous commit                           |
| ~q~         | leave micro-state and git timemachine          |
| ~Y~         | copy current commit hash                       |

#  LocalWords:  unpulled