* doc/contributing.texi (Running Guix Before It Is Installed): Add REPL example. * doc/emacs.texi (Emacs General info): Add @cindex.
277 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
277 lines
10 KiB
Plaintext
@node Contributing
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@chapter Contributing
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This project is a cooperative effort, and we need your help to make it
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grow! Please get in touch with us on @email{guix-devel@@gnu.org} and
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@code{#guix} on the Freenode IRC network. We welcome ideas, bug
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reports, patches, and anything that may be helpful to the project. We
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particularly welcome help on packaging (@pxref{Packaging Guidelines}).
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@menu
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* Building from Git:: The latest and greatest.
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* Running Guix Before It Is Installed:: Hacker tricks.
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* The Perfect Setup:: The right tools.
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* Coding Style:: Hygiene of the contributor.
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* Submitting Patches:: Share your work.
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@end menu
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@node Building from Git
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@section Building from Git
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If you want to hack Guix itself, it is recommended to use the latest
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version from the Git repository. When building Guix from a checkout,
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the following packages are required in addition to those mentioned in
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the installation instructions (@pxref{Requirements}).
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@itemize
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@item @url{http://gnu.org/software/autoconf/, GNU Autoconf};
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@item @url{http://gnu.org/software/automake/, GNU Automake};
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@item @url{http://gnu.org/software/gettext/, GNU Gettext};
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@item @url{http://www.graphviz.org/, Graphviz};
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@item @url{http://www.gnu.org/software/help2man/, GNU Help2man (optional)}.
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@end itemize
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Run @command{./bootstrap} to download the Nix daemon source code and to
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generate the build system infrastructure using autoconf. It reports an
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error if an inappropriate version of the above packages is being used.
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@noindent
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If you get an error like this one:
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@example
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configure.ac:46: error: possibly undefined macro: PKG_CHECK_MODULES
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@end example
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it probably means that Autoconf couldn’t find @file{pkg.m4}, which is
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provided by @command{pkg-config}. Make sure that @file{pkg.m4} is
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available. For instance, if you installed Automake in
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@file{/usr/local}, it wouldn’t look for @file{.m4} files in
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@file{/usr/share}. So you have to invoke the following command in that
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case
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@example
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export ACLOCAL_PATH=/usr/share/aclocal
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@end example
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See @pxref{Macro Search Path,,, automake, The GNU Automake Manual} for
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more information.
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Then, run @command{./configure} as usual.
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Finally, you have to invoke @code{make check} to run tests. If anything
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fails, take a look at installation instructions (@pxref{Installation})
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or send a message to the @email{guix-devel@@gnu.org, mailing list}.
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@node Running Guix Before It Is Installed
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@section Running Guix Before It Is Installed
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In order to keep a sane working environment, you will find it useful to
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test the changes made in your local source tree checkout without
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actually installing them. So that you can distinguish between your
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``end-user'' hat and your ``motley'' costume.
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To that end, all the command-line tools can be used even if you have not
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run @code{make install}. To do that, prefix each command with
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@command{./pre-inst-env} (the @file{pre-inst-env} script lives in the
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top build tree of Guix), as in:
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@example
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$ sudo ./pre-inst-env guix-daemon --build-users-group=guixbuild
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$ ./pre-inst-env guix build hello
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@end example
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@noindent
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Similarly, for a Guile session using the Guix modules:
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@example
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$ ./pre-inst-env guile -c '(use-modules (guix utils)) (pk (%current-system))'
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;;; ("x86_64-linux")
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@end example
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@noindent
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@cindex REPL
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@cindex read-eval-print loop
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@dots{} and for a REPL (@pxref{Using Guile Interactively,,, guile, Guile
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Reference Manual}):
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@example
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$ ./pre-inst-env guile
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scheme@@(guile-user)> ,use(guix)
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scheme@@(guile-user)> ,use(gnu)
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scheme@@(guile-user)> (define snakes
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(fold-packages
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(lambda (package lst)
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(if (string-prefix? "python"
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(package-name package))
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(cons package lst)
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lst))
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'()))
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scheme@@(guile-user)> (length snakes)
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$1 = 361
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@end example
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The @command{pre-inst-env} script sets up all the environment variables
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necessary to support this, including @env{PATH} and @env{GUILE_LOAD_PATH}.
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@node The Perfect Setup
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@section The Perfect Setup
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The Perfect Setup to hack on Guix is basically the perfect setup used
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for Guile hacking (@pxref{Using Guile in Emacs,,, guile, Guile Reference
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Manual}). First, you need more than an editor, you need
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@url{http://www.gnu.org/software/emacs, Emacs}, empowered by the
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wonderful @url{http://nongnu.org/geiser/, Geiser}.
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Geiser allows for interactive and incremental development from within
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Emacs: code compilation and evaluation from within buffers, access to
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on-line documentation (docstrings), context-sensitive completion,
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@kbd{M-.} to jump to an object definition, a REPL to try out your code,
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and more (@pxref{Introduction,,, geiser, Geiser User Manual}). For
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convenient Guix development, make sure to augment Guile’s load path so
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that it finds source files from your checkout:
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@lisp
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;; @r{Assuming the Guix checkout is in ~/src/guix.}
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(add-to-list 'geiser-guile-load-path "~/src/guix")
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@end lisp
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To actually edit the code, Emacs already has a neat Scheme mode. But in
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addition to that, you must not miss
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@url{http://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/ParEdit, Paredit}. It provides
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facilities to directly operate on the syntax tree, such as raising an
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s-expression or wrapping it, swallowing or rejecting the following
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s-expression, etc.
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GNU Guix also comes with a minor mode that provides some additional
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functionality for Scheme buffers (@pxref{Emacs Development}).
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@node Coding Style
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@section Coding Style
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In general our code follows the GNU Coding Standards (@pxref{Top,,,
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standards, GNU Coding Standards}). However, they do not say much about
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Scheme, so here are some additional rules.
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@menu
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* Programming Paradigm:: How to compose your elements.
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* Modules:: Where to store your code?
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* Data Types and Pattern Matching:: Implementing data structures.
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* Formatting Code:: Writing conventions.
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@end menu
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@node Programming Paradigm
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@subsection Programming Paradigm
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Scheme code in Guix is written in a purely functional style. One
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exception is code that involves input/output, and procedures that
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implement low-level concepts, such as the @code{memoize} procedure.
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@node Modules
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@subsection Modules
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Guile modules that are meant to be used on the builder side must live in
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the @code{(guix build @dots{})} name space. They must not refer to
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other Guix or GNU modules. However, it is OK for a ``host-side'' module
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to use a build-side module.
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Modules that deal with the broader GNU system should be in the
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@code{(gnu @dots{})} name space rather than @code{(guix @dots{})}.
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@node Data Types and Pattern Matching
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@subsection Data Types and Pattern Matching
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The tendency in classical Lisp is to use lists to represent everything,
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and then to browse them ``by hand'' using @code{car}, @code{cdr},
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@code{cadr}, and co. There are several problems with that style,
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notably the fact that it is hard to read, error-prone, and a hindrance
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to proper type error reports.
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Guix code should define appropriate data types (for instance, using
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@code{define-record-type*}) rather than abuse lists. In addition, it
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should use pattern matching, via Guile’s @code{(ice-9 match)} module,
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especially when matching lists.
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@node Formatting Code
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@subsection Formatting Code
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When writing Scheme code, we follow common wisdom among Scheme
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programmers. In general, we follow the
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@url{http://mumble.net/~campbell/scheme/style.txt, Riastradh's Lisp
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Style Rules}. This document happens to describe the conventions mostly
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used in Guile’s code too. It is very thoughtful and well written, so
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please do read it.
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Some special forms introduced in Guix, such as the @code{substitute*}
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macro, have special indentation rules. These are defined in the
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@file{.dir-locals.el} file, which Emacs automatically uses. If you do
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not use Emacs, please make sure to let your editor know the rules.
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We require all top-level procedures to carry a docstring. This
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requirement can be relaxed for simple private procedures in the
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@code{(guix build @dots{})} name space, though.
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Procedures should not have more than four positional parameters. Use
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keyword parameters for procedures that take more than four parameters.
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@node Submitting Patches
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@section Submitting Patches
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Development is done using the Git distributed version control system.
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Thus, access to the repository is not strictly necessary. We welcome
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contributions in the form of patches as produced by @code{git
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format-patch} sent to the @email{guix-devel@@gnu.org, mailing list}.
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Please write commit logs in the ChangeLog format (@pxref{Change Logs,,,
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standards, GNU Coding Standards}); you can check the commit history for
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examples.
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Before submitting a patch that adds or modifies a package definition,
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please run through this check list:
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@enumerate
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@item
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Take some time to provide an adequate synopsis and description for the
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package. @xref{Synopses and Descriptions}, for some guidelines.
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@item
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Run @code{guix lint @var{package}}, where @var{package} is the
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name of the new or modified package, and fix any errors it reports
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(@pxref{Invoking guix lint}).
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@item
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Make sure the package builds on your platform, using @code{guix build
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@var{package}}.
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@item
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Take a look at the profile reported by @command{guix size}
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(@pxref{Invoking guix size}). This will allow you to notice references
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to other packages unwillingly retained. It may also help determine
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whether to split the package (@pxref{Packages with Multiple Outputs}),
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and which optional dependencies should be used.
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@item
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For important changes, check that dependent package (if applicable) are
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not affected by the change; @code{guix refresh --list-dependent
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@var{package}} will help you do that (@pxref{Invoking guix refresh}).
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@item
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Check whether the package's build process is deterministic. This
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typically means checking whether an independent build of the package
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yields the exact same result that you obtained, bit for bit.
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A simple way to do that is with @command{guix challenge}
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(@pxref{Invoking guix challenge}). You may run it once the package has
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been committed and built by @code{hydra.gnu.org} to check whether it
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obtains the same result as you did. Better yet: Find another machine
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that can build it and run @command{guix publish}.
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@end enumerate
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When posting a patch to the mailing list, use @samp{[PATCH] @dots{}} as a
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subject. You may use your email client or the @command{git send-mail}
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command.
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