459 lines
19 KiB
Scheme
459 lines
19 KiB
Scheme
;;; GNU Guix --- Functional package management for GNU
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;;; Copyright © 2013-2024 Ludovic Courtès <ludo@gnu.org>
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;;; Copyright © 2016 Christine Lemmer-Webber <cwebber@dustycloud.org>
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;;; Copyright © 2016, 2017 Leo Famulari <leo@famulari.name>
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;;; Copyright © 2017 Mathieu Othacehe <m.othacehe@gmail.com>
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;;; Copyright © 2017 Marius Bakke <mbakke@fastmail.com>
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;;; Copyright © 2018 Chris Marusich <cmmarusich@gmail.com>
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;;;
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;;; This file is part of GNU Guix.
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;;;
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;;; GNU Guix is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
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;;; under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
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;;; the Free Software Foundation; either version 3 of the License, or (at
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;;; your option) any later version.
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;;;
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;;; GNU Guix is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
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;;; WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
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;;; MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
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;;; GNU General Public License for more details.
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;;;
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;;; You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
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;;; along with GNU Guix. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
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(define-module (gnu system vm)
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#:use-module (guix config)
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#:use-module (guix store)
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#:use-module (guix gexp)
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#:use-module (guix derivations)
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#:use-module (guix packages)
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#:use-module (guix monads)
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#:use-module (guix records)
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#:use-module (guix modules)
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#:use-module (guix utils)
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#:use-module (gcrypt hash)
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#:use-module (guix base32)
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#:use-module ((guix self) #:select (make-config.scm))
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#:use-module ((gnu build marionette)
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#:select (qemu-command))
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#:use-module (gnu packages base)
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#:use-module (gnu packages bootloaders)
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#:use-module (gnu packages cdrom)
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#:use-module (gnu packages compression)
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#:use-module (gnu packages guile)
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#:autoload (gnu packages gnupg) (guile-gcrypt)
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#:use-module (gnu packages gawk)
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#:use-module (gnu packages bash)
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#:use-module (gnu packages virtualization)
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#:use-module (gnu packages disk)
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#:use-module (gnu packages linux)
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#:use-module (gnu bootloader)
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#:use-module (gnu bootloader grub)
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#:use-module (gnu image)
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#:use-module (gnu system image)
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#:use-module (gnu system linux-container)
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#:use-module (gnu system linux-initrd)
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#:use-module (gnu bootloader)
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#:use-module (gnu system file-systems)
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#:use-module (gnu system)
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#:use-module (gnu services)
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#:use-module (gnu services base)
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#:use-module (gnu system uuid)
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#:use-module ((srfi srfi-1) #:hide (partition))
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#:use-module (srfi srfi-19)
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#:use-module (srfi srfi-26)
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#:use-module (rnrs bytevectors)
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#:use-module (ice-9 match)
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#:export (virtualized-operating-system
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system-qemu-image/shared-store-script
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linux-image-startup-command
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virtual-machine
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virtual-machine?
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virtual-machine-operating-system
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virtual-machine-qemu
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virtual-machine-cpu-count
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virtual-machine-volatile?
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virtual-machine-graphic?
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virtual-machine-memory-size
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virtual-machine-disk-image-size
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virtual-machine-port-forwardings
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virtual-machine-date))
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;;; Commentary:
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;;;
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;;; Tools to evaluate build expressions within virtual machines.
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;;;
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;;; Code:
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;; By default, the msize value is 8 KiB, which according to QEMU is
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;; insufficient and would degrade performance. The msize value should roughly
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;; match the bandwidth of the system's IO (see:
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;; https://wiki.qemu.org/Documentation/9psetup#msize). Use 100 MiB as a
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;; conservative default.
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(define %default-msize-value (* 100 (expt 2 20))) ;100 MiB
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;;;
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;;; VMs that share file systems with the host.
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;;;
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(define (file-system->mount-tag fs)
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"Return a 9p mount tag for host file system FS."
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;; QEMU mount tags must be ASCII, at most 31-byte long, cannot contain
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;; slashes, and cannot start with '_'. Compute an identifier that
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;; corresponds to the rules.
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(string-append "TAG"
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(string-drop (bytevector->base32-string
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(sha1 (string->utf8 fs)))
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4)))
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(define (mapping->file-system mapping)
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"Return a 9p file system that realizes MAPPING."
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(match mapping
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(($ <file-system-mapping> source target writable?)
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(file-system
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(mount-point target)
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(device (file-system->mount-tag source))
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(type "9p")
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(flags (if writable? '() '(read-only)))
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;; The 9p documentation says that cache=loose is "intended for
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;; exclusive, read-only mounts", without additional details. It's
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;; faster than the default cache=none, especially when copying and
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;; registering store items. Thus, use cache=loose, except for writable
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;; mounts, to ensure consistency.
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(options (string-append "trans=virtio"
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(if writable? "" ",cache=loose")
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",msize=" (number->string %default-msize-value)))
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(check? #f)
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(create-mount-point? #t)))))
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(define* (virtualized-operating-system os
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#:optional (mappings '())
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#:key (full-boot? #f) volatile?)
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"Return an operating system based on OS suitable for use in a virtualized
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environment with the store shared with the host. MAPPINGS is a list of
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<file-system-mapping> to realize in the virtualized OS."
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(define user-file-systems
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;; Remove file systems that conflict with those added below, or that are
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;; normally bound to real devices.
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(remove (lambda (fs)
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(let ((target (file-system-mount-point fs))
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(source (file-system-device fs)))
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(or (string=? target (%store-prefix))
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(string=? target "/")
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(and (string? source)
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(string-prefix? "/dev/" source))
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;; Labels and UUIDs are necessarily invalid in the VM.
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(and (file-system-mount? fs)
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(or (file-system-label? source)
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(uuid? source))))))
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(operating-system-file-systems os)))
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(define virtual-file-systems
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(cons (file-system
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(mount-point "/")
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(device "/dev/vda1")
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(type "ext4"))
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(append (map mapping->file-system mappings)
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user-file-systems)))
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(operating-system (inherit os)
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;; XXX: Until we run QEMU with UEFI support (with the OVMF firmware),
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;; force the traditional i386/BIOS method.
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;; See <https://bugs.gnu.org/28768>.
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(bootloader (bootloader-configuration
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(inherit (operating-system-bootloader os))
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(bootloader grub-bootloader)
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(targets '("/dev/vda"))))
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(initrd (lambda (file-systems . rest)
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(apply (operating-system-initrd os)
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file-systems
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#:volatile-root? volatile?
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rest)))
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;; The (QEMU-only) "cirrus" graphics driver is still expected by some
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;; VPS with old QEMU versions. See <https://bugs.gnu.org/36069>.
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(initrd-modules (let ((modules (operating-system-initrd-modules os)))
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(if (member "cirrus" modules)
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modules
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(cons "cirrus" modules))))
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;; Disable swap.
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(swap-devices '())
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;; XXX: When FULL-BOOT? is true, do not add a 9p mount for /gnu/store
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;; since that would lead the bootloader config to look for the kernel and
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;; initrd in it.
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(file-systems (if full-boot?
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virtual-file-systems
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(cons
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(file-system
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(inherit (mapping->file-system %store-mapping))
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(needed-for-boot? #t))
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virtual-file-systems)))))
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(define* (common-qemu-options image shared-fs
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#:key rw-image?)
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"Return the a string-value gexp with the common QEMU options to boot IMAGE,
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with '-virtfs' options for the host file systems listed in SHARED-FS."
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(define (virtfs-option fs)
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#~(format #f "-virtfs local,path=~s,security_model=none,mount_tag=~s"
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#$fs #$(file-system->mount-tag fs)))
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#~(;; Only enable kvm if we see /dev/kvm exists.
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;; This allows users without hardware virtualization to still use these
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;; commands.
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#$@(if (file-exists? "/dev/kvm")
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'("-enable-kvm")
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'())
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"-no-reboot"
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"-object" "rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=guix-vm-rng"
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"-device" "virtio-rng-pci,rng=guix-vm-rng"
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#$@(map virtfs-option shared-fs)
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#$@(if rw-image?
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#~((format #f "-drive file=~a,format=qcow2,if=virtio" #$image))
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#~((format #f "-drive file=~a,format=raw,if=virtio,cache=writeback,werror=report,readonly=on"
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#$image)))))
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(define* (system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os
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#:key
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(system (%current-system))
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(target (%current-target-system))
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(qemu qemu)
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(graphic? #t)
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(volatile? #t)
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(memory-size 512)
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(mappings '())
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full-boot?
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(disk-image-size
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(* (if full-boot? 500 70)
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(expt 2 20)))
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(options '()))
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"Return a derivation that builds a script to run a virtual machine image of
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OS that shares its store with the host. The virtual machine runs with
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MEMORY-SIZE MiB of memory.
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MAPPINGS is a list of <file-system-mapping> specifying mapping of host file
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systems into the guest.
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When FULL-BOOT? is true, the returned script runs everything starting from the
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bootloader; otherwise it directly starts the operating system kernel. When
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VOLATILE? is true, an overlay is created on top of a read-only
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storage. Otherwise the storage is made persistent. The DISK-IMAGE-SIZE
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parameter specifies the size in bytes of the root disk image; it is mostly
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useful when FULL-BOOT? is true."
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(mlet* %store-monad ((os -> (virtualized-operating-system
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os mappings
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#:full-boot? full-boot?
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#:volatile? volatile?))
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(base-image -> (system-image
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(image
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(inherit
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(raw-with-offset-disk-image))
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(operating-system os)
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(size disk-image-size)
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(shared-store?
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(and (not full-boot?) volatile?))
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(volatile-root? volatile?)))))
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(define kernel-arguments
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#~(list #$@(if graphic? #~() #~("console=ttyS0"))
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#+@(operating-system-kernel-arguments os "/dev/vda1")))
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(define rw-image
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#~(format #f "/tmp/guix-image-~a" (basename #$base-image)))
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(define qemu-exec
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#~(list #+(file-append qemu "/bin/"
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(qemu-command (or target system)))
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;; Tells qemu to use the terminal it was started in for IO.
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#$@(if graphic? '() #~("-nographic"))
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#$@(if full-boot?
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#~()
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#~("-kernel" #$(operating-system-kernel-file os)
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"-initrd" #$(file-append os "/initrd")
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(format #f "-append ~s"
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(string-join #$kernel-arguments " "))))
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#$@(common-qemu-options (if volatile? base-image rw-image)
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(map file-system-mapping-source
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(cons %store-mapping mappings))
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#:rw-image? (not volatile?))
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"-m " (number->string #$memory-size)
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#$@options))
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(define copy-image
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;; Script that "copies" BASE-IMAGE to /tmp. Make a copy-on-write image,
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;; which is much cheaper than actually copying it.
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(program-file "copy-image"
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(with-imported-modules '((guix build utils))
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#~(begin
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(use-modules (guix build utils))
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(unless (file-exists? #$rw-image)
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(invoke #+(file-append qemu "/bin/qemu-img")
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"create" "-b" #$base-image
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"-F" "raw" "-f" "qcow2" #$rw-image))))))
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(define builder
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#~(call-with-output-file #$output
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(lambda (port)
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(format port "#!~a~%"
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#+(file-append bash "/bin/sh"))
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#$@(if volatile?
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#~()
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#~((format port "~a~%" #+copy-image)))
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(format port "exec ~a \"$@\"~%"
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(string-join #$qemu-exec " "))
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(chmod port #o555))))
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(gexp->derivation "run-vm.sh" builder)))
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(define* (linux-image-startup-command image
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#:key
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(system (%current-system))
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(target #f)
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(qemu qemu-minimal)
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(graphic? #f)
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(cpu "max")
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(cpu-count 1)
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(memory-size 1024)
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(port-forwardings '())
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(date #f))
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"Return a list-valued gexp representing the command to start QEMU to run
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IMAGE, assuming it uses the Linux kernel, and not sharing the store with the
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host."
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(define os
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;; Note: 'image-operating-system' would return the wrong OS, before
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;; its root partition has been assigned a UUID.
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(operating-system-for-image image))
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(define kernel-arguments
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#~(list #$@(if graphic? #~() #~("console=ttyS0"))
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#+@(operating-system-kernel-arguments os "/dev/vda1")))
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#~`(#+(file-append qemu "/bin/"
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(qemu-command (or target system)))
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,@(if (access? "/dev/kvm" (logior R_OK W_OK))
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'("-enable-kvm")
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'())
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"-cpu" #$cpu
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#$@(if (> cpu-count 1)
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#~("-smp" #$(string-append "cpus=" (number->string cpu-count)))
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#~())
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"-m" #$(number->string memory-size)
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"-nic" #$(string-append
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"user,model=virtio-net-pci,"
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(port-forwardings->qemu-options port-forwardings))
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"-kernel" #$(operating-system-kernel-file os)
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"-initrd" #$(file-append os "/initrd")
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"-append" ,(string-join #$kernel-arguments)
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"-serial" "stdio"
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#$@(if date
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#~("-rtc"
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#$(string-append "base=" (date->string date "~5")))
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#~())
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"-object" "rng-random,filename=/dev/urandom,id=guix-vm-rng"
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"-device" "virtio-rng-pci,rng=guix-vm-rng"
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"-drive"
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,(string-append "file=" #$(system-image image)
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",format=qcow2,if=virtio,"
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"cache=writeback,werror=report,readonly=off")
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"-snapshot"
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"-no-reboot"))
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;;;
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;;; High-level abstraction.
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;;;
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(define-record-type* <virtual-machine> %virtual-machine
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make-virtual-machine
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virtual-machine?
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(operating-system virtual-machine-operating-system) ;<operating-system>
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(qemu virtual-machine-qemu ;<package>
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(default qemu-minimal))
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(cpu-count virtual-machine-cpu-count ;integer
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(default 1))
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(volatile? virtual-machine-volatile? ;Boolean
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(default #t))
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(graphic? virtual-machine-graphic? ;Boolean
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(default #f))
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(memory-size virtual-machine-memory-size ;integer (MiB)
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(default 256))
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(disk-image-size virtual-machine-disk-image-size ;integer (bytes)
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(default 'guess))
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(port-forwardings virtual-machine-port-forwardings ;list of integer pairs
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(default '()))
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(date virtual-machine-date ;SRFI-19 date | #f
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(default #f)))
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(define-syntax virtual-machine
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(syntax-rules ()
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"Declare a virtual machine running the specified OS, with the given
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options."
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((_ os) ;shortcut
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(%virtual-machine (operating-system os)))
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((_ fields ...)
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(%virtual-machine fields ...))))
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(define (port-forwardings->qemu-options forwardings)
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"Return the QEMU option for the given port FORWARDINGS as a string, where
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FORWARDINGS is a list of host-port/guest-port pairs."
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(string-join
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(map (match-lambda
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((host-port . guest-port)
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(string-append "hostfwd=tcp::"
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(number->string host-port)
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"-:" (number->string guest-port))))
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forwardings)
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","))
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(define-gexp-compiler (virtual-machine-compiler (vm <virtual-machine>)
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system target)
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(match vm
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(($ <virtual-machine> os qemu cpus volatile? graphic? memory-size
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disk-image-size forwardings date)
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(let ((options
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(append (if (null? forwardings)
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'()
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`("-nic" ,(string-append
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"user,model=virtio-net-pci,"
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(port-forwardings->qemu-options
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forwardings))))
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(if (> cpus 1)
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`("-smp" ,(string-append "cpus="
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(number->string cpus)))
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'())
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(if date
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`("-rtc"
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,(string-append
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"base=" (date->string date "~5")))
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'()))))
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(system-qemu-image/shared-store-script os
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#:system system
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#:target target
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#:qemu qemu
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#:graphic? graphic?
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#:volatile? volatile?
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#:memory-size memory-size
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#:disk-image-size
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disk-image-size
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#:options options)))))
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;;; vm.scm ends here
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