Update upstream B/CB/S

Closes GH-658

Spigot-Server-Patches/0006-Timings-v2.patch

@@ -1,11 +1,11 @@
-From a6a0156f385f0432bbc34afd2126d95247cccd75 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From 57a6b73c98e68ef1d2a215fb2ac38056aec5f8e5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: Aikar <aikar@aikar.co>
 Date: Thu, 3 Mar 2016 04:00:11 -0600
 Subject: [PATCH] Timings v2
 
 
 diff --git a/pom.xml b/pom.xml
-index 8b96966d8..8d1e8680b 100644
+index 8b96966d..8d1e8680 100644
 --- a/pom.xml
 +++ b/pom.xml
 @@ -66,6 +66,12 @@
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ index 8b96966d8..8d1e8680b 100644
              <version>3.0.3</version>
 diff --git a/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/MinecraftTimings.java b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/MinecraftTimings.java
 new file mode 100644
-index 000000000..4b4b77a5c
+index 00000000..4b4b77a5
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/MinecraftTimings.java
 @@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
@@ -153,7 +153,7 @@ index 000000000..4b4b77a5c
 +}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/TimedChunkGenerator.java b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/TimedChunkGenerator.java
 new file mode 100644
-index 000000000..b79f1be7a
+index 00000000..b79f1be7
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/TimedChunkGenerator.java
 @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@
@@ -285,7 +285,7 @@ index 000000000..b79f1be7a
 +}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/WorldTimingsHandler.java b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/WorldTimingsHandler.java
 new file mode 100644
-index 000000000..e7789117b
+index 00000000..e7789117
 --- /dev/null
 +++ b/src/main/java/co/aikar/timings/WorldTimingsHandler.java
 @@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ index 000000000..e7789117b
 +    }
 +}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/PaperConfig.java b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/PaperConfig.java
-index 75d4048a9..1ea799d59 100644
+index 75d4048a..1ea799d5 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/PaperConfig.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/com/destroystokyo/paper/PaperConfig.java
 @@ -14,11 +14,14 @@ import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -435,7 +435,7 @@ index 75d4048a9..1ea799d59 100644
 +    }
  }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Block.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Block.java
-index e8511ac9a..d3f1a4ac0 100644
+index e8511ac9..d3f1a4ac 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Block.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Block.java
 @@ -35,6 +35,15 @@ public class Block {
@@ -455,7 +455,7 @@ index e8511ac9a..d3f1a4ac0 100644
      public static int getId(Block block) {
          return Block.REGISTRY.a(block); // CraftBukkit - decompile error
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Chunk.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Chunk.java
-index 81fc04ed3..bd3b16025 100644
+index 81fc04ed..bd3b1602 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Chunk.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Chunk.java
 @@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ public class Chunk {
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ index 81fc04ed3..bd3b16025 100644
  
      private void z() {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkProviderServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkProviderServer.java
-index daf2c0a67..3ba489d4f 100644
+index daf2c0a6..3ba489d4 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkProviderServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkProviderServer.java
 @@ -195,7 +195,7 @@ public class ChunkProviderServer implements IChunkProvider {
@@ -525,7 +525,7 @@ index daf2c0a67..3ba489d4f 100644
              this.chunkLoader.a(this.world, chunk);
          } catch (IOException ioexception) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkRegionLoader.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkRegionLoader.java
-index a97e7d3c2..4890023d7 100644
+index a97e7d3c..4890023d 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkRegionLoader.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/ChunkRegionLoader.java
 @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ public class ChunkRegionLoader implements IChunkLoader, IAsyncChunkSaver {
@@ -565,7 +565,7 @@ index a97e7d3c2..4890023d7 100644
          // return chunk; // CraftBukkit
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/DedicatedServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/DedicatedServer.java
-index cb83e4f56..e6819139f 100644
+index cb83e4f5..e6819139 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/DedicatedServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/DedicatedServer.java
 @@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ import java.io.PrintStream;
@@ -618,7 +618,7 @@ index cb83e4f56..e6819139f 100644
              return waitable.get();
          } catch (java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException e) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Entity.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Entity.java
-index 9bd9dc28b..14d23556f 100644
+index 9bd9dc28..14d23556 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Entity.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/Entity.java
 @@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ import org.bukkit.block.BlockFace;
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ index 9bd9dc28b..14d23556f 100644
  
      public void recalcPosition() {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityLiving.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityLiving.java
-index e9002c953..b22f81b12 100644
+index e9002c95..b22f81b1 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityLiving.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityLiving.java
 @@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ import org.bukkit.event.entity.EntityTeleportEvent;
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ index e9002c953..b22f81b12 100644
      }
  
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityTracker.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityTracker.java
-index 347a2b671..aceb08ce1 100644
+index 347a2b67..aceb08ce 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityTracker.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/EntityTracker.java
 @@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ public class EntityTracker {
@@ -759,7 +759,7 @@ index 347a2b671..aceb08ce1 100644
      }
  
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
-index d1b488e8f..8f7b148a1 100644
+index cc0efa2e..1b432f0d 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
 @@ -47,8 +47,8 @@ import org.bukkit.Bukkit;
@@ -900,7 +900,7 @@ index d1b488e8f..8f7b148a1 100644
          this.methodProfiler.b();
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerChunkMap.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerChunkMap.java
-index 703d5813d..021dfba14 100644
+index 703d5813..021dfba1 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerChunkMap.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerChunkMap.java
 @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
@@ -1000,7 +1000,7 @@ index 703d5813d..021dfba14 100644
  
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnection.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnection.java
-index 86f9776ee..e19513a96 100644
+index 86f9776e..e19513a9 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnection.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnection.java
 @@ -56,6 +56,7 @@ import org.bukkit.inventory.CraftingInventory;
@@ -1048,7 +1048,7 @@ index 86f9776ee..e19513a96 100644
          // CraftBukkit end
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnectionUtils.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnectionUtils.java
-index f74b06794..1fc632e0c 100644
+index f74b0679..1fc632e0 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnectionUtils.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerConnectionUtils.java
 @@ -1,15 +1,21 @@
@@ -1078,7 +1078,7 @@ index f74b06794..1fc632e0c 100644
 +    // Paper end
  }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerList.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerList.java
-index c0af82b48..676cc3f3e 100644
+index c0af82b4..676cc3f3 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerList.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/PlayerList.java
 @@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
@@ -1102,7 +1102,7 @@ index c0af82b48..676cc3f3e 100644
  
      public void addWhitelist(GameProfile gameprofile) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/StructureGenerator.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/StructureGenerator.java
-index f1f206501..fb350c408 100644
+index f1f20650..fb350c40 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/StructureGenerator.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/StructureGenerator.java
 @@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
@@ -1144,7 +1144,7 @@ index f1f206501..fb350c408 100644
          return flag;
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/TileEntity.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/TileEntity.java
-index 6958a2e0f..b3d3df4cf 100644
+index 6958a2e0..b3d3df4c 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/TileEntity.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/TileEntity.java
 @@ -4,12 +4,13 @@ import javax.annotation.Nullable;
@@ -1164,7 +1164,7 @@ index 6958a2e0f..b3d3df4cf 100644
      private static final RegistryMaterials<MinecraftKey, Class<? extends TileEntity>> f = new RegistryMaterials();
      protected World world;
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/World.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/World.java
-index 758962e67..a87b37277 100644
+index 758962e6..a87b3727 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/World.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/World.java
 @@ -18,11 +18,11 @@ import com.google.common.collect.Maps;
@@ -1270,7 +1270,7 @@ index 758962e67..a87b37277 100644
      }
  
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/WorldServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/WorldServer.java
-index 391a09c52..966938997 100644
+index 391a09c5..96693899 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/WorldServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/WorldServer.java
 @@ -247,13 +247,13 @@ public class WorldServer extends World implements IAsyncTaskHandler {
@@ -1403,10 +1403,10 @@ index 391a09c52..966938997 100644
  
      // CraftBukkit start
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-index 791383fb3..38ce05828 100644
+index 587d23df..d27e2ce9 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-@@ -1737,6 +1737,7 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
+@@ -1741,6 +1741,7 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
      private final Spigot spigot = new Spigot()
      {
  
@@ -1414,7 +1414,7 @@ index 791383fb3..38ce05828 100644
          @Override
          public YamlConfiguration getConfig()
          {
-@@ -1744,6 +1745,24 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
+@@ -1748,6 +1749,24 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
          }
  
          @Override
@@ -1441,7 +1441,7 @@ index 791383fb3..38ce05828 100644
          }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/SpigotTimings.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/SpigotTimings.java
 deleted file mode 100644
-index 41d2d87ee..000000000
+index 41d2d87e..00000000
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/SpigotTimings.java
 +++ /dev/null
 @@ -1,173 +0,0 @@
@@ -1619,7 +1619,7 @@ index 41d2d87ee..000000000
 -    }
 -}
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/chunkio/ChunkIOProvider.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/chunkio/ChunkIOProvider.java
-index 3a95b4465..b5efb9c3f 100644
+index 3a95b446..b5efb9c3 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/chunkio/ChunkIOProvider.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/chunkio/ChunkIOProvider.java
 @@ -1,6 +1,8 @@
@@ -1663,7 +1663,7 @@ index 3a95b4465..b5efb9c3f 100644
  
      public void callStage3(QueuedChunk queuedChunk, Chunk chunk, Runnable runnable) throws RuntimeException {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
-index 5ceb086e5..b56ae7a36 100644
+index 5ceb086e..b56ae7a3 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/entity/CraftPlayer.java
 @@ -39,15 +39,9 @@ import org.bukkit.configuration.serialization.DelegateDeserialization;
@@ -1697,7 +1697,7 @@ index 5ceb086e5..b56ae7a36 100644
  
      public Player.Spigot spigot()
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
-index 92d217bce..9952b64be 100644
+index 92d217bc..9952b64b 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftScheduler.java
 @@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicInteger;
@@ -1773,7 +1773,7 @@ index 92d217bce..9952b64be 100644
  
      private boolean isReady(final int currentTick) {
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
-index 220e39abe..afc6c17e6 100644
+index 220e39ab..afc6c17e 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/scheduler/CraftTask.java
 @@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
@@ -1855,7 +1855,7 @@ index 220e39abe..afc6c17e6 100644
 -    // Spigot end
  }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftIconCache.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftIconCache.java
-index e52ef47b7..3d90b3426 100644
+index e52ef47b..3d90b342 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftIconCache.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/util/CraftIconCache.java
 @@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import org.bukkit.util.CachedServerIcon;
@@ -1867,7 +1867,7 @@ index e52ef47b7..3d90b3426 100644
          this.value = value;
      }
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java
-index c32d44df0..5c2fb0058 100644
+index c32d44df..5c2fb005 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/ActivationRange.java
 @@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ import net.minecraft.server.EntityWither;
@@ -1929,5 +1929,5 @@ index c32d44df0..5c2fb0058 100644
      }
  }
 -- 
-2.12.1.windows.1
+2.12.2
 

Spigot-Server-Patches/0021-Further-improve-server-tick-loop.patch

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-From 5a56db7a9f54088291795d52f2bde422119d5642 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From b57fe9f86395e7db8e78eca60a656aa263d39d2c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: Aikar <aikar@aikar.co>
 Date: Tue, 1 Mar 2016 23:09:29 -0600
 Subject: [PATCH] Further improve server tick loop
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Previous implementation did not calculate TPS correctly.
 Switch to a realistic rolling average and factor in std deviation as an extra reporting variable
 
 diff --git a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
-index 7539bb215..4476799d8 100644
+index d9e4f1a9..c4497aaa 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/net/minecraft/server/MinecraftServer.java
 @@ -113,16 +113,12 @@ public abstract class MinecraftServer implements Runnable, ICommandListener, IAs
@@ -147,10 +147,10 @@ index 7539bb215..4476799d8 100644
                      }
                      lastTick = curTime;
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-index 24fd62b53..30ed3ad58 100644
+index db4ac484..0f77d067 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-@@ -1734,6 +1734,17 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
+@@ -1738,6 +1738,17 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
          return CraftMagicNumbers.INSTANCE;
      }
  
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ index 24fd62b53..30ed3ad58 100644
      {
  
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/TicksPerSecondCommand.java b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/TicksPerSecondCommand.java
-index be2e31dea..6d21c3269 100644
+index be2e31de..6d21c326 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/TicksPerSecondCommand.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/spigotmc/TicksPerSecondCommand.java
 @@ -1,8 +1,5 @@
@@ -210,5 +210,5 @@ index be2e31dea..6d21c3269 100644
          return ( ( tps > 18.0 ) ? ChatColor.GREEN : ( tps > 16.0 ) ? ChatColor.YELLOW : ChatColor.RED ).toString()
                  + ( ( tps > 20.0 ) ? "*" : "" ) + Math.min( Math.round( tps * 100.0 ) / 100.0, 20.0 );
 -- 
-2.12.0.windows.1
+2.12.2
 

Spigot-Server-Patches/0071-Allow-Reloading-of-Custom-Permissions.patch

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-From 1fc605c65c74fb9aff47a23174518c1492b73496 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From 851ddaf3a91b416502beeb19aabbe3f495e1f580 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: William <admin@domnian.com>
 Date: Fri, 18 Mar 2016 03:30:17 -0400
 Subject: [PATCH] Allow Reloading of Custom Permissions
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ Subject: [PATCH] Allow Reloading of Custom Permissions
 https://github.com/PaperMC/Paper/issues/49
 
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-index e2afd9d93..40091231e 100644
+index 9df6c0eb..e77307c3 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-@@ -1823,4 +1823,21 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
+@@ -1827,4 +1827,21 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
      {
          return spigot;
      }
@@ -32,5 +32,5 @@ index e2afd9d93..40091231e 100644
 +    // Paper end
  }
 -- 
-2.12.0.windows.1
+2.12.2
 

Spigot-Server-Patches/0175-Allow-Reloading-of-Command-Aliases.patch

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-From 40e511425c81959832c85fb4926e86e83ec5a2d3 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
+From d333a7c47ff1433c9ac3bfd965d118968c665904 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
 From: willies952002 <admin@domnian.com>
 Date: Mon, 28 Nov 2016 10:21:52 -0500
 Subject: [PATCH] Allow Reloading of Command Aliases
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ Subject: [PATCH] Allow Reloading of Command Aliases
 Reload the aliases stored in commands.yml
 
 diff --git a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-index 1bbce7a78..225e118dc 100644
+index 8ade1686..326196ce 100644
 --- a/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
 +++ b/src/main/java/org/bukkit/craftbukkit/CraftServer.java
-@@ -1848,5 +1848,24 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
+@@ -1852,5 +1852,24 @@ public final class CraftServer implements Server {
              });
          }
      }
@@ -35,5 +35,5 @@ index 1bbce7a78..225e118dc 100644
      // Paper end
  }
 -- 
-2.12.0.windows.1
+2.12.2
 

work/Bukkit

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit 4716bcc6f875def8bc7c6121dfa0f06782d7ec38
+Subproject commit 6751fefdda0b171e0830d31e701d4be66af73c9d

work/CraftBukkit

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d219213e2bb8b63e6ca51c1c86a7a698ac5106d3
+Subproject commit e17c3d285b1026811acc1df8a1299d4ad7a6953a

work/Spigot

@@ -1 +1 @@
-Subproject commit d276ab1ccac39a41d48a524ed7da27561a03aed9
+Subproject commit 54ec0b8b502d298334e7011c0a5065777e22421b